Bioscientic Studies on the Seaward and Spawning Migration of Salmonids in the North Pacific Ocean

北太平洋鲑鱼向海和产卵洄游的生物科学研究

• 批准号: 01440014
• 负责人: HATANO Mutsuo
• 金额: $ 13.44万
• 依托单位: Hokkaido University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (A)
• 财政年份: 1989
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1989 至 1991
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-01440014/
• 关键词: Salmonid fishes; Spawning migration; Sexual maturation; Biochemical changes; Quality assessment; Thyroid gland hormone; Sex steroid hormones; Fish behavior; 生殖腺; 骨代謝; 脂質代謝; トリグリイセリッド合成; 性ステロイド; ビテロゲニン; カロテノイド; リポタンパク; カルシウム

Pacific salmon are typically anadromous fish, developing in the ocean and spawning in the fresh water. This biological feature governs the pattern of changes in their hormone levels and their chemical compositions. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the physiological changes as well as the degenerative changes occur during migration. Results obtained were as follows.Physiological changes (1)It was suggested that in salmonids including chum salmon, serum estradiol-17beta plays a major role in vitellogenesis, and 17alpha, 20beta-hydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one has an important role in final oocyte maturation.(2)11-ketotestosterone and 17alph, 20beta-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one respectively are the major steroids responsible for latter phase of spermatogenesis and spermiation in male chum salmon.(3)Gill and kidney were considered to be involved in ion regulation during smoltification.(4)Thyroxine plays a role on physiological characteristics in smolting.(5)Two throxine deiodination pathways were borne out in some salmonids.(6)A peculiar IgM-like protein was found in egg yolk of chum salmon, having a lower molecular weight than that of serum IgM, consists of H chain of smaller molecular weight as well as H and L chain of ordinary molecular weight.Quality Assessment (7)The degenerative changes in muscle such as decrease in total lipid and in protein contents accompanied by sexually full maturation were attributed to not only the progressed activation of lipid hydrolytic enzymes as well as autolytic activity, but also the inactivation of lipid and protein syntheses that occur both in muscle and in liver tissues.(8)Extraordinary emulsifying ability of spawning fish muscle was attributed to the high level of protease activity in the muscle(9)Hunter "a" value was concluded to be the most reliable index for quality assesment of late run chum salmon as well as sockeye salmon

太平洋鲑鱼是典型的溯河产卵鱼类，在海洋中发育，在淡水中产卵。这种生物学特征决定了它们激素水平和化学成分的变化模式。本研究的目的是阐明迁移过程中发生的生理变化以及退行性变化。结果表明：（1）在鲑科鱼类（包括大麻哈鱼）中，血清雌二醇-17 β在卵黄发生中起主要作用，而17 α，20 β-羟基-4-二烯-3-酮在卵母细胞的最终成熟中起重要作用。（2）11-酮睾酮和17 α，20 β-二羟基-4-异戊烯-3-酮分别是雄鲑精子发生后期和精子形成的主要激素。（3）鳃和肾参与银化过程中的离子调节。（4）甲状腺素对幼鱼的生理特性有一定的影响。（5）某些鲑科鱼类存在两条脱碘途径。(6)A在大麻哈鱼蛋黄中发现了特异性IgM样蛋白，其分子量低于血清IgM，由小分子量的H链和普通分子量的H链、L链组成。质量评价（7）肌肉的退行性变化，如总脂和蛋白质含量的下降，伴随着性完全成熟，不仅归因于脂质的进一步激活水解酶以及自溶活性，但也发生在肌肉和肝组织中的脂质和蛋白质合成的失活。（8）产卵鱼肌肉中蛋白酶活性高是其乳化能力强的主要原因。（9）Hunter“a”值可作为晚生鲑和红鲑品质评价的最可靠指标

项目成果

上田 宏: "シロザケ雌の産卵回遊に伴う血中ステロイドホルモン量の変動ならびに精巣のin vitroステロイドホルモン産生能の変化" 日本水産学会誌. 57. 1111-1114 (1991)

Hiroshi Ueda：“雌性鲑鱼产卵迁移过程中血液类固醇激素水平和体外类固醇激素产生能力的变化”日本水产协会杂志 57. 1111-1114 (1991)。

Ban,Masatoshi: "Seasonal changes in seawater adaptability of the hatchery.reared iuvenile sockeye salmon,Oncorhynchus nerka" Sci.Rep.Hokkaido Salmon Hatchery. 45. 25-33 (1991)

Ban，Masatoshi：“孵化场的海水适应性的季节变化。饲养的幼年红鲑鱼，Oncorhynchus nerka” Sci.Rep.北海道鲑鱼孵化场。

Yamauchi,Kohei: "Osmoregulation and circulating growth hormone and prolactin levels in hypophysectomized coho salmon(Oncorhynchus kisutch)after transfer to fresh water and seawater" Aquaculture.

Yamauchi，Kohei：“垂体切除的银鲑鱼（Oncorhynchus kisutch）转移到淡水和海水后的渗透调节和循环生长激素和催乳素水平”水产养殖。

Yamauchi,Kohei: "Osmoregulation and circulating growth hormone and prolactin levels in hypophysectomized coho slmon(Oncorhymchus kisutch)after transfer to fresh water and seawater" Aquaculture. 92. 33-42 (1991)

Yamauchi，Kohei：“垂体切除的银大麻哈鱼（Oncorhymchus kisutch）转移到淡水和海水后的渗透调节和循环生长激素和催乳素水平”水产养殖。

Kohei Yamauchi, Richard S.Nishioka, Graham Young, Tsuyoshi Ogasawara, Tetsuya Hirano, and Howard A.Bern: "Osmoregulation and Circulating Growth Hormone and Prolactin Levels in Hypophysectomized Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) after Transfer to Fresh Wa

Kohei Yamauchi、R​​ichard S.Nishioka、Graham Young、Tsuyoshi Ogasawara、Tetsuya Hirano 和 Howard A.Bern：“垂体切除的银鲑鱼 (Oncorhynchus kisutch) 转移到新鲜WA后的渗透调节和循环生长激素和催乳素水平