The Analysis of Prices and Employment in the Regional Economy

经济空间的重要性在传统的微观经济理论中没有得到充分的认识。这种对经济空间的忽视带来了巨大的机会成本。不完全竞争和空间市场结构对均衡的影响还没有在正式模型中得到深入研究，本文研究了空间均衡与区域市场结构之间的关系。我们考虑一个包含竞争市场和不完全竞争市场的正式模型，这些不同类型的空间市场是可替代的，市场之间的相对重要性在区域均衡中是内生决定的。消费者和企业-可以选择他们销售或购买产品的市场，以最大限度地提高他们的利润。相对价格刚性取决于企业和消费者的地理位置。通过建立一个城市地区产品和劳动力市场的一般均衡模型，我们得出了区域政策的新的经济含义。值得注意的是，区域政策对价格和就业的影响与宏观经济政策的影响截然不同。为了成功地实施区域政策，宏观经济理论的通常结果不应轻易地扩展到空间背景。

The importance of economic space has not been recognized in the traditional microeconomic theory. This neglect of economic space entails enormous opportunity costs. The effects of imperfect competition and that of the structure of spatial markets on the equilibrium have not been intensively studied in formal models.This paper investigates the relationship between the spatial equilibrium and the structure of regional markets. We consider a formal model incorporating competitive as well as imperfectly competitive markets into it. These different types of spatial markets are substitutable, and the relative importancesbetween the markets are endogenously determined in the regional equilibrium. Consumers and firms- can choose markets where they sell or purchase products in order to maximize their profits. Relative price rigidity depends on the location of firms as well as that of consumers. By formulating a general equilibrium model with product and labor markets in urban areas, we derive new economic implications for regional policies. It is worth noting that the effects of regional policies on prices and employment are sharply different from those of macroeconomic policies. In order to conduct regional policies successfully, the usual results about macroeconomic theory should not be easily extended to the spatial setting.