The Influence of the Fear Induced Procedure on the Concentration of Brain Catecholamines.

刺激被认为控制情绪和行为模式的下丘脑，如恐惧，对氯醛糖麻醉的猫的三叉神经自主神经反射的影响进行了研究。刺激的确切位置是下丘脑的防御区，刺激该区域会引起称为防御反应的攻击性反应，如散瞳、血压升高和心动过速。记录颈迷走神经和迷走神经心支对电刺激下牙槽神经的反射放电。切断颈髓可完全消除刺激下牙槽神经诱发的迷走神经心支放电，而切断颈迷走神经对其无影响。因此，迷走神经心脏支的三叉神经自主神经反射完全由交感神经放电(三叉神经-交感神经反射)组成，与颈迷走神经的三叉神经-迷走神经反射(三叉神经-迷走神经反射)形成鲜明对比。结果如下：1)重复刺激下丘脑防御区可抑制三叉神经-迷走神经反射。这一阈值低于引发心血管变化的阈值。短序列脉冲作用于下丘脑防御区可抑制三叉神经-迷走神经反射约200ms，在约40ms时达到高峰。提示下丘脑对三叉神经-迷走神经反射的影响是中枢诱导的，而不是心血管变化的继发性效应。2)三叉神经-交感反射对重复刺激下丘脑防御区的反应没有明显的变化，这些结果支持三叉神经-自主神经反射是中枢整合的，以适应心血管系统在防御反应中的需要。

Effects of stimulation of the hypothalamus that is thought to control emotional and behavioral patterns, eg fear, on the trigemino-autonomic reflex were studied in chloralose-anesthetized cats. The exact place of stimulation was the hypothalamic defense area, stimulation of which induced aggressive responses called defense reaction, such as mydriasis, increased blood pressure and tachycardia. The reflex discharges were recorded from the cervical vagel nerve, and the cardiac branch of the vagal nerve in response to electrical stimulation of the inferior alveolar nerve. The discharge in the cardiac branch of the vagal nerve evoked by the inferior alveolar nerve stimulation was completely abolished by transection of the cervical spinal cord, while it was not affected by section of the cervical vagal nerve. Thus the trigemino-autonomic reflex in the cardiac branch of the vagal nerve wholly consisted of the sympathetic nerve discharge (trigemino-sympathetic reflex), in contrast to that recorded form the cervical vagal nerve(trigemino-vagal reflex). The following results were obtained.1) The trigemino-vagal reflex was depressed by repetitive stimulation of the hypothalamic defense area. The threshold was below that for inducing cardiovascular changes. Short train pulse applied to the hypothalamic defense area suppressed the trigemino-vagal reflex for about 200ms with a peak at about 40ms. It is suggested that the hypothalamic effect on the trigemino-vagal reflex was centrally induced and not the secondary effect of cardiovascular changes.2) The trigemino-sympathetic reflex showed no definite changes in response to repetitive stimulation of the hypethalamic defense area.These results support the notion that the trigemino-autonomic reflex is centrally intergraded to suit the cardiovascular system to the needs of the organism in defense reaction.