Curriculum Development for Scientific Description Skills

本研究的目的是建立科学描述技能的教学方法，而科学描述技能是科学教育的基础。通过对初中科学课实际情况的分析，得出以下结论1。一些学生由于不理解老师在第2课中介绍的生词(即科学术语)的意思，几次都不能正确回答老师的问题。在实验班，学生们被要求将观察中的“事实”与推理、解释等“解释”区分开来，以及如何在句子中准确地描述它们。结果，在教学时，许多学生已经能够使用训练好的句子类型写出正确的答案。然而，在教学8小时后，实验组和控制组在句子类型和答案内容上都没有发现差异。通过对学生的问卷调查，他们中的许多人对本研究中的语言教育以及在科学课上写句子的价值表现出了良好的感受和态度。总之，首先要非常仔细地检查学生的问题质量，给他们能具体回答的问题句，其次是如何一遍又一遍地描述句子。包括这些内容，提出了在科学课上提高学生科学描述能力的具体方案。此外，在前几年积累的知识基础上，开发了方便的录像系统，即教师自己操作摄像机，以记录教学过程中他喜欢的场景。

The purpose of this study is to establish the teaching method for scientific description skills, which are indispensable to the basis of science education. The following findings are obtained by means of analyses of the actual science lessons in lower secondary schools.1. Some of pupils could not answer correctly in writing to the teacher's questions several times, because of lack of their understanding the meaning of new words (that is, scientific terms) which the teacher has introduced in lessons.2. In experiment group, pupils were taught to separate 'facts' in observation from 'explanations' such as inference, interpretation, etc., and how to describe them on sentences precisely. As results, at the time of teaching, many of pupils have been able to write the correct answers using the trained type of sentences. However, at eight hour later of teaching, the difference between experiment and control group was not found both in the type of sentences and in content of answers.3. From the questionnaire to pupils, many of them have shown the favorable feeling and attitude to language education in this study and to the value of writing the sentences on the paper in science lessons.In conclusion, first of all, it is most important to examine the quality of questions to pupils very carefully and to give them questioning sentences to which they can answer specifically, and secondly to show how to describe on the sentence again and again. Including these things, the concrete plan to improve pupils' scientific description skills in science lessons has been proposed.In addition, the convenient video-recording system in which the teacher operates a video- camera by himself in order to record his favorite scenes during teaching-learning processes has been developed on knowing built up in previous years.