An Investigation on the Methods to Foster Learners' Thinking Skills in School Science at Primary and Lower Secondary Schools Levels

中小学科学培养学生思维能力的方法探讨

• 批准号: 10680183
• 负责人: HISADA Ryuki
• 金额: $ 1.6万
• 依托单位: Shizuoka University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1998
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1998 至 2000
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-10680183/
• 关键词: Primary school science; Lower secondary school science; Science textbooks; Nature of science; Scientific method; Scientific thinking skills; Scientific enquiry; Material science; 物質; 化学用語

The purpose of this study is to suggest the strategies to foster pupils' thinking skills, especially scientific thinking skills in school science at primary and lower secondary schools levels. The following findings have been obtained during the proposed period.1. Researchers have constructed "material science" database which is composed of the sentences in various American and British science textbooks on the personal computer. Using this database, contents of textbooks were analyzed among them. Scopes and sequences of teaching materials in textbooks were also compared. It was found that their contents described in each science textbook are quite different each other, but that ones in Japan are similar.2. Descriptions in textbooks on nature of science, scientific methods, scientific enquiry, process skills, etc., were collected, and analyzed. Several American science textbooks have entered into details about these items. On the other hand, Japanese ones have not at all.3. Explanation on scientific thinking skills in textbooks are seen most often in American's, and then British ones.4. Ninth grade pupils' and university students' conception of "school science (RIKA, in Japanese)" and "science" were surveyed. From results several problems on scientific thinking skills were pointed out.5. Teaching materials to foster scientific thinking skills are developed. They have been allowed to try to pupils. It has been proved that these materials are effective. Further assessment is in progress.

本研究的目的是提出在小学和初中阶段培养学生的思维技能，特别是科学思维技能的策略。在拟议期间内取得了以下结论1。研究人员在个人计算机上建立了由美国和英国各种科学教科书中的句子组成的“材料科学”数据库。利用该数据库对其中的教材内容进行了分析。对教材中教材的范围和顺序进行了比较。研究发现，各科学教科书所描述的内容大相径庭，而日本的教科书内容却大同小异。收集并分析了教科书中有关科学本质、科学方法、科学探究、过程技能等方面的描述。几本美国科学教科书已经详细介绍了这些项目。另一方面，日本的企业则完全没有。美国教科书中对科学思维技能的解释最多，其次是英国教科书。调查了九年级中小学生和大学生对“学校科学”和“科学”的看法。根据研究结果，指出了在科学思维能力方面存在的几个问题。编写了培养科学思维能力的教材。他们已经被允许尝试让学生学习。事实证明，这些材料是有效的。进一步的评估正在进行中。

项目成果

Suzuki Midori,Yoshisuke Kumano,& Robert Yager: "Assessing Science Literacy of the Students ; Modeling upon "Six Domains of Science""Journal of Science Education in Japan. Vol.24,. 139-150 (2000)

铃木绿、熊野芳介、

熊野善介、澤野 覚: "総合的学習の評価のあり方に関する研究-ポートフォリオ-"日本科学教育学会研究会研究報告. 13、4. 7-10 (1999)

熊野善介、泽野悟：《综合学习的评价方法研究 - 档案》日本科学教育研究会研究报告 13, 4. 7-10 (1999)。

Suzuki Midori, Yoshisuke Kumano, & Robert Yager: "Assessing Science Literacy of the Students ; Modeling upon "Six Domains of Science""Journal of Science Education in Japan. Vol.24. 139-150 (2000)

铃木绿、熊野芳介、

熊野善介: "科学教育改革の動向-アメリカ-、新しい科学教育課程の方向性"科学教育研究. 23・3. 178-185 (1999)

熊野善介：“科学教育改革的趋势——美国——新科学教育课程的方向”《科学教育研究》178-185（1999）。

小澤俊卓,水野幸栄,久田隆基: "中学生の持つ「理科」および「科学」ということばのイメージ"日本科学教育学会年会論文集. 24号. 153-154 (2000)

Toshitaka Ozawa、Yukie Mizuno、Takamoto Hisada：《初中生所持有的“科学”和“科学”一词的形象》日本科学教育学会年会论文集第 24 期，第 153-154 期（2000 年）。 ）