Wood3Dprint: Additive manufacturing with solid wood filaments for material-efficient lightweight components

对于木材材料，目前只有少数增材制造工艺商业化或正在开发中。目前的技术不使用原始实木，而大多是聚合物结合木粉。然而，这剥夺了木材固有的结构和机械性能以及其特有的美学。这导致在建筑、木材/家具、室内设计或技术应用方面的使用非常有限。此外，高比例的聚合物基质与材料的生态潜力相矛盾。因此，Wood3Dprint研究项目旨在探索实木细丝增材制造的解决方案策略。在这项有待研究的技术的帮助下，在完全保留木材内部结构的情况下，应该可以增材制造二氧化碳中性成分。为此，将使用木制轨道或单板条的细细丝，并通过使用数字构造和制造技术，根据定义的形状进行三维应用，并最大限度地减少粘合剂的使用。使用精确的剂量技术和快速固化策略，以确保所使用的粘合剂系统是低排放和节约资源。将进行研究，以确定在建筑尺度上自由成形的可能程度，并通过拓扑优化设计实现高材料效率。虽然由于细丝层结构，大多数增材制造工艺的加工时间较长，但Wood3Dprint将研究是否有可能在短打印过程中使用木丝生产大型部件。这将使以木材为基础的材料和组件的创造成为可能，从而在木结构中实现复杂建筑形式的生态、可持续建设。Wood3Dprint旨在具有可扩展性，因此该技术适用于室内设计、家具建造或移动领域的轻型建筑应用。

For wood materials, only few additive manufacturing processes are currently commercially available or under development. Current technologies do not use original solid wood, but mostly polymer-bound wood powder. However, this deprives the wood of its inherent structural and mechanical properties as well as its characteristic aesthetics. This results in very limited use for architectural, wood/furniture and interior design or technological applications. Furthermore, the high proportion of polymer matrix contradicts the ecological potential of the material. The Wood3Dprint research project therefore aims to explore solution strategies for additive manufacturing with solid wood filaments. With the help of the technology to be researched, it should be possible to additively manufacture CO2-neutral components while completely preserving the inner structure of the wood. For this purpose, fine filaments from wooden rails or veneer strips will be used and applied three-dimensionally according to a defined shape by using digital construction and manufacturing techniques and minimising the use of adhesives. Precise dosing technologies and strategies for rapid curing are to be used to ensure that the adhesive systems used are low-emission and conserve resources. Research will be carried out to determine the extent to which free shaping on an architectural scale is possible and high material efficiency is achieved through topology-optimised designs. While most additive manufacturing processes have long process times due to the filigree layer structure, Wood3Dprint will investigate whether it is possible to use wood filaments to produce large-scale components in short printing processes. This will enable the creation of wood-based materials and components that enable the ecological, sustainable construction of complex architectural forms in timber construction. Wood3Dprint is intended to be scalable so that the technology is suitable for lightweight construction applications in interior design, furniture construction or the mobility sector.