The Mechanisms of Reversible Immobilization of Fowl Spermatozoa at Body Temperature

完整的鸡精子在40^ C时几乎不动，但在30^ C时活力显著增加。两种温度下的耗氧量为8- 11ul /10^<10>精子。分钟^ < 1 >。40^ C时ATP浓度高于30^ C，而30^ C时ADP浓度高于40^ C。因此，在30^ C（1.9-2.2）时，ATP/ADP比值增加到40^ C时的3.5-3.7。排卵时取精浆、腹膜液和Ca^<2+>能有效恢复40^ C下完整精子的运动能力。相比之下，这些效应器在40^ C下不能恢复去膜精子的运动能力。30^ C可使脱膜精子恢复活力。这些结果表明，鸡精子在40^ C下的固定是由于鞭毛动力蛋白atp酶活性的降低而发生的。此外，Ca^<2+>等运动效应物的作用可能不是直接作用于轴突，而是由溶解物质介导的，这些溶解物质在精子脱膜过程中被清除。当再活化培养基中加入浓度为0.1 ~ 0.5 M的NH_4Cl、NaCl和KCl时，脱膜精子在40^ cc的温度下仍具有运动能力，在0.2 ~ 0.3 M时精子的运动能力最大。NH_4Cl、NaCl和KCl的添加对粗提物atp酶活性也有促进作用。相反，LiCl对运动性和atp酶活性没有明显影响。结果表明：鸡精子鞭毛动力蛋白atp酶活性可以通过加入除LiCl外的几种一价氯化物而得到提高，且在40^ C的温度下，去膜精子仍具有运动能力。研究了四苯基硼在30^ C条件下对鸡精子运动和代谢的影响。四苯基硼在对精子耗氧量和ATP含量影响不大的浓度下降低了完整鸡精子的活力。通过去除四苯基硼，可以逆转对运动的抑制。此外，四苯基硼的添加改善了精子在储存过程中的维持。四苯基硼不影响脱膜精子的运动能力，提示四苯基硼的作用位点不是直接作用于鸡精子轴突上。少

Intact fowl spermatozoa became almost immotile at 40^ﾟC, but motility increased significantly at 30^ﾟC. The oxygen consumption at both temperatures was 8-11 ul O_2/10^<10> spermatozoa. Min^<-1>. The ATP concentration at 40^ﾟC was higher than that at 30^ﾟC but ADP concentration at 30^ﾟC was higher than that at 40^ﾟC. Consequently, the ATP/ADP ratio at 30^ﾟC (1.9-2.2) increased to 3.5-3.7 at 40^ﾟC. The motility of intact spermatozoa at 40^ﾟC was effectively restored by Ca^<2+>, seminal plasma and peritoneal fluid taken at the time of ovulation. In contrast, these effectors did not restore the motility of demembranated spermatozoa at 40^ﾟC. Motility of demembranated spermatozoa was restored at 30^ﾟC. These results suggest that the immobilization for fowl spermatozoa at 40^ﾟC occurs due to a decrease in flagellar dynein ATPase activity. Furthermore, the action of effectors for motility such as Ca^<2+> may not be directly on the axoneme, but mediated by solubilized substances which have bee … More n removed by demembranation of the spermatozoa.Demembranated spermatozoa, however, become motile at 40^ﾟC when 0.1-0.5 M concentrations of NH_4Cl, NaCl and KCl were added to the reactivation medium, with maximum motility at 0.2-0.3 M in all cases. The additions of NH_4Cl, NaCl and KCl also stimulated the ATPase activity of crude dynein extract. In contrast, LiCl did not appreciably affect motility and ATPase activity. These results showed that the flagellar dynein ATPase activity of fowl spermatozoa could be stimulated by the addition of certain monovalent chlorides, except LiCl, and demembranated spermatozoa might be motile at 40^ﾟC.The effects of tetraphenylboron on the motility and metabolism of fowl spermatozoa at 30^ﾟC were investigated. The motility of intact fowl spermatozoa was reduced by tetraphenylboron at concentrations that had little effect on the oxygen consumption and ATP content of spermatozoa. The inhibition of motility was reversed by the removal of tetraphenylboron. Furthermore, the addition of tetraphenylboron improved the maintenance of spermatozoa during storage. Tetraphenylboron did not affect the motility of demembranated spermatozoa, suggesting that the locus of action of tetraphenylboron is not directly on the axoneme of fowl spermatozoa. Less