Virological and Immunological Study for Prevention of Rotavirus Gastroenteritis.

对札幌市轮状病毒血清型的表观流行病学研究表明，各血清型的相对频率逐年上升。连续3个冬季检出1~4型轮状病毒。可能需要对至少四种血清型的免疫才能诱导广泛的保护。在札幌市采集的轮状病毒RNA型的差异提示轮状病毒很容易发生基因改变。我们在札幌市一家福利托儿所进行了恒河猴轮状病毒疫苗MMU-18006(RRV)(血清3型)的临床试验。RRV是安全的，免疫原性强。RRV接种后对人轮状病毒1、2、4型的异型免疫应答即使在加强免疫后仍不充分。根据血清学数据，RRV对3型轮状病毒可能有效，但对其他血清型轮状病毒不够有效。在研究期间，研究人群中发生了由1型轮状病毒野毒株(RV-1)引起的胃肠炎。INFA…将0~25月龄的NTS按接种史分为3组：强化疫苗组、单剂疫苗组和对照组。几乎所有的婴儿都感染了RV-1，而疫苗组对RV-1胃肠炎的保护作用更强，特别是加强疫苗组比对照组更好。无症状感染与暴发前较高水平的KU(1型)抗体滴度有显著关系，但与RRV无关；对轮状病毒感染的保护作用是血清型特异性的。如果我们分析个别案例的数据，这些现象并没有那么清楚地被提及。要解决这个问题，需要开展针对1型轮状病毒的局部免疫应答和表位特异性免疫应答的研究。在同一托儿所进行了同时口服RRV和脊髓灰质炎病毒疫苗的临床试验。没有观察到这两种疫苗之间的干扰。数据显示，未来轮状病毒和脊髓灰质炎病毒疫苗联合接种的可能性。较少

Epiodemiologic study for serotypes of rotaviruses detected in Sapporo showed the relative frequency of individual serotype by year. Serotypes 1 to 4 of rotaviruses were detected during consecutive 3 winter seasons. The immunity against at least four serotypes may be required to induced broad protection. Divergency of RNA pattern of rotaviruses collected in Sapporo suggested that rotaviruses were easily changed genetically.We have conducted the clinical trial of rhesus rotavirus vaccine MMU-18006 (RRV) (serotype 3) in a welfare nursery in Sapporo. RRV was safe and highly immunogenic. Heterotypic immune response to serotypes 1,2 and 4 of human rotaviruses after RRV inoculation was not enough even after booster inoculation. Based on the serological data RRV may be effective for serotype 3 rotavirus but not enough for other serotype of rotaviruses. During the study period an outbreak of gastroenteritis due to wild strain of serotype 1 rotavirus (RV-1) occurred in the study population. Infa … More nts aged from 0 to 25 monts were divided into three groups based on the vaccine history ; booster vaccine, one dose vaccine and control group. Almost all infants were infected with RV-1 whereas the protection against RV-1 gastroenteritis was seen more in vaccine groups, especially in booster group than in control group. There was significant relationship between asymptomatic infection and higher levels of pre-outbreak antibody titers against KU (serotype 1) but not RRV ; the protection against rotavirus infection was serotype specific. If we analyzed the data in individual case, these phenomena are not so clearly mentioned. The study for local immune response and epitope specific immune response against serotype 1 rotavirus should be needed to answer this problem.A clinical trial of the simultaneous oral administration of RRV and poliovirus vaccines was conducted in the same nursery. The interference between these two vaccines was not observed. The data showed the possibility for combined vaccination with rotavirus and poliovirus vaccines in future. Less