Developing Studies on Horizontal Shaft Wind Turbine with Tip Vane

日本三重大学流体工程实验室和荷兰代尔夫特工业大学风能研究所，以及日本三重大学流体工程实验室和中国风能开发中心合作，于1990年4月至1991年3月在日本文本大学国际科学研究项目“带尖叶片的水平轴风力发电机的研究”下进行了为期一年的研究。Mie大学与DELFT大学的合作研究解决了如下结果。(1)叶顶附件（叶顶叶片）对风力机性能有显著影响。水平轴风力机模型在最佳叶尖速比= 4时，通过添加小叶尖附件（Mievanes）可以显著提高功率系数。最近在日本津Mie大学进行的试验结果表明，锥度叶片的净功率系数为48%，矩形叶片的净功率系数为42%。无叶尖的值（普通风力机），锥度叶片为42%，矩形叶片为35%。(2)功率增加可能是由于涡度尾迹在轴向上的移动，类似于飞机气动中的小翼效应。从三根热线测得的速度分布即三维流型的角度分析了这一现象。(3)叶顶风力机的功率系数受叶顶形状的影响。制造并试验了多种叶片。研究了良好的功率系数与叶顶形状的关系。(4)水平轴风力机在叶尖涡（叶尖诱导涡）和机械部件（齿轮或发电机）的基础上产生噪声。由于叶尖上的诱导涡被叶尖叶片所抑制，从而降低了叶尖涡引起的噪声。这是一个非常重要和有趣的现象。梅氏大学将对叶片涡轮的噪声进行测量。Mie大学与中国风能发展中心的合作研究向中国风能研究人员传授了叶尖风力发电机和新开发的风力发电系统。通过这一国际合作，有望推动中国风能的发展。少

A Grant Under the Monbusho International Scientific Research Program "Developing studies on Horizontal Shaft Wind Turbine with Tip Vane" was carried out by the collaboration between Fluid Engineering Laboratory, Mie University in Japan and Institute for Wind Energy, Technical University of Delft, in Netherland, and between Fluid Engineering Laboratory, Mie University in Japan and The China Wind Energy Development Center from April, 1990 to March, 1991 during one year.I. The collaboration research between Mie University and T. U. DELFT solved the results as the following.(1) Wind turbine performance can be significantly influenced by tip attachments (tip vane). The power coefficient of a horizontal axis wind turbine model operating at an optimal tip speed ratio = 4 can be improved significantly by addition of small tip attachments (Mievanes).Recent results of tests carried out on the Mie university at Tsu, Japan show an measured net power coefficient 48% in case of taper blade, and 42% … More in case of rectangular blade. The values without tip vanes (normal wind turbine) are 42% in case of taper blade and 35% in case of rectangular blade.(2) The power augmentation is probably due to a shift of the vorticity wake in axial direction, similar to the winglet effect in airplane aero-dynamics. The phenomenon is analyzed from the velocity distributions measured by means of three hot wires, namely, three-dimensional flow patterns.(3) The power coefficient of tip vane wind turbine is affected by the shape of tip vanes. Many kinds of tip vanes were made, and tested. The relationships between good power coefficient and the shape of tip vanes are investigated.(4) The horizontal axis wind turbine occures the noise on the base of tip vortex (induced vortex on blade tip) and mechanical parts (gears or generators). The noise due to tip vortex may be diminished because the induced vortex on blade tip is reduced by the tip vane. It is very important and interesting phenomenon. The noise of tip vane turbine is going to be measured in Mie University.II. The collaboration research between Mie University and China Wind Energy Development Center teaches the tip vane wind turbine and new developed wind power generation system to the chinese wind energy researcher. It is expected to progress the development of wind energy in China by this international collaboration work. Less