Comparative Study Between and Japan Upon the Issues of Law and Pfrcedure

对德国和日本在法律和程序问题上进行了比较研究。我们提出几个结论如下。(1)民事诉讼中的法律制定。(A)我们从法的渊源的角度重新审视了立法机制。我们认为，诉讼当事人在法律发现过程中应采取主动。因此，我们提出了程序改革，以保证法庭上的法律的论点应该得到发展。(B)笔者认为，制定新法的判决具有一定的约束力。那就是：法院的法官必须对与制定新法律的案件情况类似的案件作出裁决，如果他们决定对手头的案件适用不同的法律，就必须提出充分的理由。(2)关于消费者纠纷的解决方式应设立专门委员会，以保证对少数案件的有效补救。消费者团体、 ...更多信息 工业界和公正的第三方应成为委员会的成员。委员会的运作成本应独立于行业。(3)关于劳动争议，劳动争议的解决有一种倾向，即更多地通过非法律的方法，而不是通过法律的途径。究其原因，有两个相互关联的方面：一是由于诉讼程序的缺陷，导致法院或劳动委员会迟迟不能给予最终救济; 2)从法律的角度来看，劳动关系的许多方面仍不明确。因此，必须推进劳动关系法制化。(4)从历史和比较法的角度对调解制度进行分析后发现，调解制度的建立和成功，不能仅仅用日本人不愿主张自己权利的特点来解释。有许多因素支持调解制度。在修改制度之前，需要对每一个因素进行审查。在调解功能方面，指出调解制度除了填补实体法与真实的发回重审之间的空白外，还可以为未来的立法指明方向。少

Comparative study between germany and Japan upon the issues of law and procedure have done. We present several conclusion that follows.(1) ON LAW-MAKING IN CIVIL PROCEEDINGS.(A) We reexamined the mechanism of Law-making from the viewpoint of sources of the law. We considered that parties in litigations should take the initiative in law-finding process. We, thus, proposed the procedural reform in order to guarantee that legal arguments in the court room should by developed in to to.(B) It is proposed that the judgment which made a new law has certain binding effect. That is : Judges in the court required to decide upon cases in the similar situation to the case in which the new law was made have to present substantial reasons if they decide to apply different law to the case-at hand.(2) ON THE WAY OF RESOLVING DISPUTES IN CONSUMER PROBLEMS.The Special committee should be established in order to guarantee effective remedy to cases of small number. Consumer Groups, representatives of the … More industry and impartial third parties should be members of the committee. Running cost of the committee should be independent of the industry.(3) ON LABOR DISPUTES.There is a tendency that labor disputes are resolved more through non-legal method rather than legal channel. Two interrelated reasons can be pointed out : 1) It takes a long time before courts or labor commission give final remedies because of some defects in the proceedings. 2) Many aspects of labor relationship are still unclear from the legal standpoint. Thus, legalization of labor relationship should be promoted.(4) ON MEDIATION.Having analyzed mediation from the standpoint of history and comparative law, the establishment and success of the system cannot be explained only by the characteristics of Japanese people, such as the tendency of declining to claim one's rights. There are many factors which supports the system of mediation. Prior to the amendment of the system, examination of each factor, it is considered, is required. As for functions of mediation, it is pointed out that, besides filling a gap between substantive law and remand from a real world, the system may suggest the direction for the law-making in the future. Less