A Positivitistic Study on the Formation and Development of " Hayarigami " -On the Case of Chuugoku District-

在日本宗教史上突然出现并兴盛起来的神教，一般被称为“hayyigami”。但到目前为止，学术界对“hayyigami”的研究还很少，尤其是从宗教学和时尚学的角度进行研究。本研究以中央区为例，旨在厘清中央区“神”的产生与发展机制。此时，我们采取了宗教社会学和社会心理学的方法，首先重构了它的历史。我们所分析的案例有库比纳西-观音、横二观音、观音-观音、美和观音。本研究结果总结如下三点。在神出现之后，不仅个人传播，大众传播也具有了重要的意义，特别是大众传播媒介所占据的场合的数量关系到时尚的等级。在各个神的机构中，没有专业的（=牧师）组织，只有业余的（=外行）组织。事实表明，这种宗教现象是“大众信仰”的例子。因为，在这种现象中，我们可以看到正统佛教的教条信仰与普通人的经验信仰交织在一起。在“Hayarigami”形成之初，受欢迎的牧师发出的神圣信息指示了邻居的俗人如何解释神的尊严。因此，这样的解释开始像教条一样规定信仰。

The goda which suddenly appeared and prospered in the history of Japanese religion had been named " Hayarigami " in general. But until now, the studies on " Hayarigami " has been done very little in academic studies, especially from the approach of religiology and the studies of fashion.The purpose in this study is to clarify the mechanism how to appeare and develop such gods, special reference to the case of Chuugoku district. At this time, we took the method of sociology of religion and social psychology, and reconstructed its history first. The case we have analized are Kubinasi-jizou, Yokohi-kannon, Kouun-butu, Yomeirazu-kannon.The results of this study are summarized next 3 points.1. After the appearance of gods, not only personal communication but also mass communication have a momentous significance, and in particular, the number of the occasions which are taken by mass media is related to the grade of fashion.2. In the each institutions of the gods, there are not professional(=priest)organization but amateur(=layman)organization. The fact shows that such religious phenomena is the example of " popular belief ". For, in this phenomena, we can see the intertwining both dogmatic belief of orthodox Buddhism and empirical belief of common people.3. At the beginning of the formation of " Hayarigami ", divine messages by popular priests have given instructions to the neighbor laymen how to interpreate dignities of the gods. So such interpretations began to prescribe the belief just like a dogma.