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Studies on Stiffening Processes of Groups

群的强化过程研究

基本信息

批准号：
02801018
负责人：
FURUKAWA Hisataka
金额：
$ 1.09万
依托单位：
Kyushu University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1990
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1990 至 1991
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

1. A new concept of "group age", which is defined by the time length after the group is formed, was newly proposed. The possibility of group's stiffening processes was theoretically discussed by paying attention to the advance of standardising, uniforming, and organizing functions inherent in every groups and proceed with time (i. e., group age). By referring to this new concept, major leadership theories which have been presented for these fifty years, was successfully interrelated and integrated.2. To examine the validity of the new concept, three experimential studies was undertaken. The first was experimental one. Groups with five members engaged in a task which requires cooperation. After a while, the task was changed intentionally to another. Responses of groups facing with these situational change was analyzed. Results revealed (1) group structure was emerged and developed easely in order to perform task efficiently, and (2) task change caused obvious decrease in group efficienc … More y. This was dominant not only for the group which developed structure which was suitable for the preceding task but for the group which had a assigned leader.3. The second study was a survey research to examine the organizational factors which determine the innovation orientation of work groups (active attitudes or readiness for making improvements and introducing change and innovation into work itself and whole workshop.) Innovation orientation related to "group age" inversely and to the level of activation in communication networks among group members positively.4. The third was done by using groups engaged in business game. It was revealed that the loss of the priority of group performance got to make the group members' vision narrow and made groups' decision inappropriate and ineffective. These impairments made group performance worse.5. Based on these findings, it was concluded that every group tend to begin stiffening unless intentional intervention by external agents or introduction or creation of change by internal members. Future research needs to deal with the processes of group reorganizing. Findings and discussions of this research is useful for this purpose. Less

1.新提出了“群体年龄”的概念，即群体形成后的时间长度。从理论上探讨了群体刚性化过程的可能性，即关注群体内在的标准化、统一化和组织化功能的推进，并随着时间的推移而推进。例如，年龄组）。通过这一新的概念，这五十年来提出的主要领导理论成功地相互关联和整合。为了检验新概念的有效性，进行了三项实验研究。第一个是实验性的。由五名成员组成的小组，从事一项需要合作的任务。过了一会儿，任务被故意换成了另一个。分析了群体面对这些情境变化的反应。结果表明：（1）群体结构的形成和发展有利于任务的有效执行;（2）任务的改变会导致群体效率的明显下降。 ...更多信息 y.这不仅对开发出适合前一任务的结构的小组，而且对有指定领导者的小组都是主导的。第二项研究是调查研究，探讨了决定工作组创新取向的组织因素（积极的态度或准备进行改进，并将变革和创新引入工作本身和整个车间）。创新导向与“群体年龄”呈负相关，与群体成员间沟通网络的激活水平呈正相关.第三种是利用参与商业游戏的群体进行的。研究发现，群体绩效优先性的丧失会使群体成员的视野变得狭窄，使群体决策变得不恰当和无效。这些损伤使小组表现更差。基于这些发现，得出的结论是，每个组往往开始硬化，除非外部代理人的故意干预或引入或内部成员的变化。未来的研究需要处理群体重组的过程。本研究的发现和讨论有助于实现这一目的。少