Information Storing and Creative Information Processing in Groups

虽然已经积累了许多关于解决问题(PS)和决策(DM)的讨论，但这些讨论仅限于个人层面。本文在借鉴前人研究成果的基础上，对PS和DM的群体水平加工特征进行了新的描述。通过将集团层面的PS和DM描述为三个步骤的顺序信息处理过程，使几个要点变得清晰起来。第一步(问题识别)包括“问题识别”和“框架(概念化)问题”。第二个步骤(创建备选解决方案)包括“获取信息”和“存储信息”。第三项(备选方案的选择)包括“信息检索”和“处理和利用信息”。执行完这三个步骤后就会执行。众所周知，以前关于PS和DM的讨论仅限于小组信息处理的最后一步。本文还介绍了小组成员问题框架对其问题解决和信息加工影响的实验研究结果。提出了未来的研究需求和几点理论和实践建议。

Although many discussions abut problem-solving (PS) and decision-making (DM) have been accumulated, those were limited to individual level. In this paper, characteristics of group level processes of PS and DM are newly delineated with referring to previous related research findings which are still scarce. Several important pointsbecome clear up through describing the group level's PS and DM as the sequential information processing processes that have three steps.Each step has two substeps. The first step (problem recognition) includes 'problem identification' and 'framing (conceptualizing) the problems.' The second (creation of solution alternatives) consists of 'acquiring information' and 'storing information.' The third (selection of alternatives) includes 'information retrieval' and 'manipulating and using information.' Execution follows after these three steps. It is well understood that previous discussions on PS and DM restrictively focus on the final step of information processing by groups. In this report, results of the experimental study examining the effects of group members'framing about problem on their problem-solving and information processing were also described. Future research needs and several theoretical and practical suggestions were presented.