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A Study to Delimitate the Natural Language Semantics in the Cognitive System by Analyzing the Meaning Variation of Expressions in Language Uses

通过分析语言使用中表达的意义变异来界定认知系统中的自然语言语义

基本信息

批准号：
02610225
负责人：
TAKEUCHI Yoshiharu
金额：
$ 0.96万
依托单位：
Kanazawa University (1992)Kyushu University (1990-1991)
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1990
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1990 至 1992
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

If we study the concrete uses of a language expression (of a word, of a phrase and so on), there is no clear meaning unit which uniquely corresponds to that expression. The meaning of a language expression is rather scattered in various ways on its widest sphere.For the purpose of describing these meaning variations I have collected language expressions from a text-corpus. And I analyzed the meaning variations in those collections. (The direct object of the description and analysis was: a german adjective "empfindlich" and a pair of german adjectives "schwer" and "leicht".) On the basis of that analysis I then came to a conclusion, that inspite of the various possible ways of understanding the expressions, there are abstract cores of meanings, which uniquely represent the meanings of the expressions.These abstract cores of meanings are what I call "the language specific meaning". This language specific meaning does not depend directly on the meaning at the level of knowledge in our cog … More nition, but is "language specific". It represents rather a "complex of relations" at very abstract levels.But if we use the language expressions in communication, they are not understood at these abstract levels. We can mean very concrete, detailed and/or vivid things/matters with these language expressions which possess only their abstract meaning cores. On the assumption that language expressions have very abstract meaning in their cores, there must be a rich and powerful cognitive system at work to make up our communications which meet an agreed standard of intelligibility. The knowledge which constitutes that cognitive system must not only be a symbolic and conceptual one but also one of a more soft and flexible character (such as images, metaphors or associations).From these observations, I have confirmed that the language specific meaning and therefore the natural language semantics has its own characteristic status in our whole cognitive system. Thanks to the interactions between the language specific meaning and our cognitive knowledge, there can be that understanding of variations in language expressions, which are the very source of the richness in our whole life with language. Less

如果我们研究一个语言表达（一个词、一个短语等等）的具体用法，就没有明确的意义单位唯一地对应于这个表达。语言表达的意义在其最广的范围内是分散的，为了描述这些意义的变化，我收集了一个语料库中的语言表达。我分析了这些集合中的含义变化。(The描述和分析的直接对象是：一个德语形容词“empfindlich”和一对德语形容词“schwer”和“leicht”。在此基础上，笔者得出结论：尽管人们可以从不同的角度来理解语言，但语言中存在着抽象的意义核心，这些抽象的意义核心是语言意义的唯一表征，这些抽象的意义核心就是我所说的“语言特有意义”。这种语言特有的意义并不直接取决于我们认知水平上的意义 ...更多信息语言是“特定的”。它在非常抽象的层次上代表了一种“关系的复合体”，但如果我们在交流中使用语言表达，它们就不会在这些抽象的层次上被理解。我们可以用这些只具有抽象意义核心的语言表达来表示非常具体、详细和/或生动的事物/事项。假设语言表达的核心是非常抽象的意义，那么就必须有一个丰富而强大的认知系统在起作用，使我们的交流符合公认的可理解性标准。构成认知系统的知识不仅是符号性的、概念性的知识，而且是具有较软、较灵活性质的知识（如意象、隐喻、联想等）。通过这些观察，我证实了语言的特殊意义，从而自然语言的语义在我们整个认知系统中有其独特的地位。由于语言的特殊意义和我们的认知知识之间的相互作用，可以理解语言表达的变化，这是我们整个语言生活丰富性的源泉。少