Human genetical studies on native minority groups (Kouzan-Zoku) in Taiwan

这项研究是在1990年和1991年进行的。根据文化和语言的差异，台湾原住民被分为九个部落。本研究的目的有三个：(1)利用各种遗传标记描述每个部落的遗传特征；(2)通过与其他人类群体的比较来阐明这些台湾原住民的亲缘关系；(3)通过永生化的淋巴细胞系保存珍贵的样本。我们从1990年的实地调查中采集了5个台湾南部部落和生活在兰岛的雅美族的血液样本。我们在1991年进行了现场调查，以收集其余三个人口(Tayal、Tsuo和Sayshat)的血液样本。样本量超过了所有接受调查人口的最低要求(40人)。初步分析结果如下：(1)共检测了10个血型。这项血型研究是与…合作进行的更多日本红十字会中心血液中心。最重要的发现是米尔滕贝格阳性患者的高流行率；阿美人的患病率为90%(世界上最高)，亚米人的患病率为50%。并进行了遗传距离分析，发现九个台湾原住民部落间存在较大差异。这表明这些原住民群体直到最近才被遗传隔离。(2)检测了HTLV-I抗体的存在，塔亚族只有一人呈阳性。选取的血液样本进行EB转化，目前我们有100多个永生化淋巴细胞株。(3)对线粒体DNA进行了亚洲特有的9碱基对缺失检测。这种类型的频率差异很大；塔亚尔最低为3%，雅美和徐最高为46%。到目前为止，平均频率(28%)是被检查的东亚人口中最高的。对所选样本的线粒体DNA D-loop区进行测序，构建系统发育树。这棵树表明台湾原住民具有南方蒙古族的特征。较少

This study was conducted in 1990 and 1991. Taiwan aborigines are classified into nine tribes based on the cultural and linguistic differences. The objectives of the present study were threefold ; (1) to describe the genetic characteristics of each tribe by using various genetic markers, (2) to clarify the genetic relationship of these Taiwan aborigines by comparing them with other human populations, and (3) to preserve the precious samples thorough immortalized lymphocyte cell lines.We obtained blood samples from five Southern Taiwan tribes and from Yami tribe, who lives in Orchid lsland from the field survey of 1990. We conducted the field survey in 1991 to collect blood samples from the remaining three populations (Tayal, Tsuo, and Sayshat). Sample size exceeded the minimum requirement (40 individuals) for all the populatiofis surveyed. The results of our preliminary analyses are as follows.(1) A total of ten blood groups were examined. The blood group study was a collaboration with … More Japanese Red Cross Central Blood Center. The most significant finding was the high prevalence of Miltenberger-positive individuals ; 90% for Ami (highest in the world) and 50% for Yami. Genetic distance analysis was also conducted and a large difference among the nine Taiwan aboriginal tribes were observed. This suggests that these aboriginal populations have been genetically isolated until recently.(2) Existence of antibody for HTLV-I was examined, and only one individual of Tayal tribe was positive. Selected blood samples were EB-transformed and now we have more than 100 immortalized lymphocyte cell lines.(3) Asian-specific 9-base pair deletion was examined for mitochondrial DNA. The frequency of this type varied substantially ; the lowest was 3% for Tayal and the highest was 46% for Yami and Tsuo. The average frequency (28%) is the highest among the East Asian populations examined so far. D-loop region of mitochondrial DNA were sequenced for selected samples, and aphylogenetic tree was constructed. The tree suggests that Taiwan aborigines have a characteristic of Southern Mongoloid. Less