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Study on origins of man and living apes in East Africa

东非人类和现存猿类的起源研究

基本信息

批准号：
03041045
负责人：
ISHIDA Hidemi
金额：
$ 23.68万
依托单位：
Kyoto University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for international Scientific Research
财政年份：
1991
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1991 至 1993
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

As shown in the title of our project, the major objectives have been to make clear the origin of hominids and origin of modern African apes. Originally, we had planned to conduct field surveys in Kenya and Zaire. The former was to discover fossils of proto-hominids, and the latter was to discover ancestors of chimpanzees and gorillas. A political situation of Zaire, however, has been worse since late spring of 1991. Therefore, we stopped having the field survey in Zaire. The areas studied in Kenya are Samburu Hills and Nachola area.On the basis of stratigraphy, the Neogene System in the areas is divided into following seven formations in ascending order : Nachola F. (19-15Ma), Aka Aiteputh F. (15-10Ma), Namurungule F. (10-7Ma), Nanyangaten-Kongia F. (7-5Ma), and Tirr-Tirr F. (4Ma). From the geological and geochronological data, an extremely marked structural gap is recognized between the Namurungule and Nanyangaten formations indicating many faults in Nachola, Aka Aiteputh and Namurungule formations but few in the upper formations from Nanyangaten Formation. The faults in the lower three formations is indicating a major tectonic movement of rift system in age from 9 to 8 Ma.The numerous equid and bovid remains have been found from the Namurungule Formation. These taxa indicates the open woodland to savanna environments. It seems that the Namurungule Fauna might have been the forerunner of the modern Sub-Saharan fauna in savanna and woodland environments. A large hominoid, Samburu-hominoid, was discovered from the formation. The hominoid might have been terrestrial knuckle-walkers or bipeds. Additional discoveries of the hominoids are strongly expected for a discussion of the origin of hominids.

正如我们项目的标题所示，主要目标是明确原始人的起源和现代非洲猿的起源。最初，我们计划在肯尼亚和扎伊尔进行实地调查。前者是为了发现原始人类的化石，后者是为了发现黑猩猩和大猩猩的祖先。但是，自1991年春末以来，扎伊尔的政治局势一直在恶化。因此，我们停止了在扎伊尔的实地调查。肯尼亚的研究区为Samburu Hills和Nachola地区，在地层学的基础上，将该地区新近系自下而上划分为Nachola F.（19-15Ma），Aka Aiteputh F.（15-10Ma），Namurungule F.（10-7Ma），Nanyangaten-Kongia F.（7-5Ma）和Teng-Tirr F.（4Ma）。根据地质和年代学数据，在Namurungule组和Nanyangaten组之间识别出非常明显的构造间隙，表明Nachola组、Aka Aiteputh组和Namurungule组中有许多断层，但Nanyangaten组上部的断层很少。下三组的断层显示9 ~ 8 Ma的裂谷系大规模构造运动，在纳穆龙古勒组中发现了大量的马、牛科动物化石。这些分类群表明开放的林地到稀树草原环境。看来纳穆龙古动物群可能是现代撒哈拉以南热带草原和林地环境动物群的先驱。一个大型的人科动物，Samburu-hominoid，在地层中被发现。类人猿可能是陆地上的指关节行走者或两足动物。人们强烈期望在讨论原始人类起源时能发现更多的原始人类化石。