PHYSICAL EXERCISE AND BONE REMODELING : ANTHROPOLOGICAL RESEARCH FOR HEALTH SCIENCE IN AGING SOCIETY

骨发育和重塑的研究涉及人类科学的各个方面，例如，从挖掘出的骨骼中重建过去的生活方式，年轻人的成长，以及不断增长的老年人口的健康科学。然而，有关骨材料变化与生长发育的关系，以及增龄和体育锻炼对骨量和骨分布的影响等方面的基础资料还没有充分积累。我们使用日本猕猴，一种与人类关系密切的卡他鼻猴，作为人类的替代模型来收集这些基本数据。本研究采用了日本猕猴，因为它们是日本最容易接近的灵长类动物，并且与标准实验灵长类动物恒河猴接近。此外，它的生长模式和行为特征也得到了很好的研究。我们还从黑猩猩那里收集了相同的数据，并研究了种间差异。除了实验方法，我们广泛分析了灵长类动物的骨骼适应不同的运动行为，以及相关的诱导机械负荷。我们为这项研究新开发了一种高分辨率微型pQCT（外周定量计算机断层扫描），Microscope Research SA（Norland-Sparch Co.德国），能够非常准确地测量骨密度和质量。尽管研究期限有限，但我们通过横截面和纵向方法成功收集了日本猕猴和黑猩猩骨材料性质和质量变化与生长和衰老相关的基本数据。这些资料已在国际骨代谢研讨会（1998年1月，西雅图）、日本人类学会年会、日本灵长类学会年会等学术会议上发表。

Studies of bone development and remodeling are concerned in various aspects of the human science, e.g., reconstruction of past lifestyle from excavated skeletons, growth of youth, and health science of the growing elderly population. However, basic data about bone material change associating with growth, variations of bone mass and distribution affected by aging and physical exercise have not been accumulated sufficiently. We used the Japanese macaque, one of the catarrhine monkeys which are closely related to humans, as a substitute model for humans to collect these basic data. Japanese macaques were adopted for this study because they are the most easily accessible primate in Japan and close to the rhesus macaque the standard experimental primates. In addition, its growth pattern and behavioral features have been well studied. We also collected same data from chimpanzees and examined interspecific differences. Beside experimental approach, we analyzed extensively skeletal adaptations in primates for different locomotor behaviors as well as those related induced mechanical loadings. We newly developed a high resolution micro pQCT (peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography), Microscope Research SA (Norland-Stratech Co. Germany) for this study, which enabled very accurate measuring of bone density and mass. Despite the limited research term, we successfully collected basic data of bone material nature and mass change associated with growth and aging in Japanese macaque and chimpanzee by cross-sectional and longitudinal methods. Theses data have been presented in academic meetings such as International Symposium for Bone Metabolism (January 1998, Seattle), Annual Congress of the Japanese Anthropological Society, Annual Congress of the Primate Society of Japan.