A Study on the Development Factors and Current Status of New Zealand Animal Industry

新西兰畜牧业发展因素及现状研究

• 批准号: 03041055
• 负责人: YUIHAMA Shogo
• 金额: $ 2.24万
• 依托单位: Okayama University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for international Scientific Research
• 财政年份: 1991
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1991 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-03041055/
• 关键词: New Zealand; Land Use; Grass Farming; Animal Husbandry Management; Animal Breeding; Boards; Liberalization Policy; Technology Extension

Based on the liberalization policy since 1984, the New Zealand government has removed agricultural subsidies, and farmers have to survive under severe conditions of decreasing income. The characteristics of agricultural management in the latter half of 1980s have been the change of composition rates of animals and saving of farm expenditures.Due to the stagnant export of dairy products, the Dairy Board regulated milk production for the first time. Beef cattle increased filling the decrease of sheep. Deer farming has been developing widely. As farms have been running all-season grazing on grasslands, there has been no need to change the form of paddocks. The easiest way to save farm expenditures has been decreasing of quantity of fertiliser, which makes growth of grass as well as the capacity of animals less naturally, but this has been an inevitable way especially-for sheep farms. In some areas farmers have changed part of their farms into Kiwifruit orchards, but they are now suffering … More from overproduction and fall of prices. According to our tracing survey of farms which were investigated in 1985 and 1988, there are many cases of changes like selling out of farms, reducing of farm size, changing animal species, expanding and integrating of farm management, etc., due to their individual conditions. Genarally speaking, New Zealand agriculture has passed through the worst situation at the beginning of 1990s.Among dairy factories, integration and rationalization have been promoted in a large scale, while as for freezing works, some were closed down and some others were newly established.As the New Zealand agriculture and its related industries have hitherto achieved a very advanced management and technology, they are expecting t6 win in the international competition in the Uruguay Round system.In the third survey, our study team got a lot of additional information and materials to the former two surveys ; on the policy and actions of the government, boards and political association of farmers ; on the latest results of research in universities and research institutes ; and on land use, natural disasters, distribution of animals, etc. by general observations. Less

根据1984年以来的自由化政策，新西兰政府取消了农业补贴，农民不得不在收入减少的严峻条件下生存。20世纪80年代后半期农业经营的特点是动物构成率的变化和农场支出的节约。由于乳制品出口停滞不前，奶业局首次对牛奶生产进行了管制。肉牛填充量增加，绵羊填充量减少。养鹿业得到了广泛的发展。由于农场一直在草原上全天候放牧，所以没有必要改变围场的形式。节省农场开支的最简单的方法是减少肥料的数量，这使得草的生长和动物的能力变得不那么自然，但这是一个不可避免的方法，尤其是对羊的农场。在一些地区，农民把农场的一部分改成了猕猴桃果园，但他们现在正遭受着生产过剩和价格下跌的痛苦。我们对1985年和1988年调查的养殖场进行跟踪调查，发现由于个体条件的不同，养殖场发生了出售、规模缩小、动物种类变化、经营规模扩大和整合等变化。总的来说，新西兰农业已经度过了90年代初最糟糕的时期。乳品厂的整合和合理化大规模推进，而冷冻厂有的关闭了，有的新建了。迄今为止，新西兰农业及其相关产业已经取得了非常先进的管理和技术，他们希望在乌拉圭回合体系的国际竞争中获胜。在第三次调查中，我们的研究小组在前两次调查的基础上获得了大量额外的信息和资料；论政府、理事会和农民政治协会的政策和行动论高校和科研院所的最新研究成果并对土地利用、自然灾害、动物分布等进行一般性观察。少

项目成果

由比浜 省吾: "ニュ-ジ-ランド畜産業の構造" 岡山大学, 250 (1993)

由井滨正吾：《新西兰畜牧业的结构》冈山大学，250（1993）

Yuihama, Shogo: Okayama University. Animal Industries in New Zealand, 250 (1993)

由井滨翔吾：冈山大学。

渡辺 基: "世界の農業施策・食料事情1.ニュ-ジ-ランド1,2" ディリ-マン. 2月号,3月号. 78-79 44-45 (1992)

Hajime Watanabe：“世界农业政策和粮食形势 1。新西兰 1,2”Diliman 2 月、3 月号（1992 年）。

Watanabe, Motoi: "Agricultural Policies and Food Affairs in the World 1. New Zealand 1, 2." Dairyman. 2 and 3. 78-79, 44-45 (1992)

Watanabe, Motoi：“世界农业政策和粮食事务 1。新西兰 1、2。”