Joint Research on Artificial Intelligence in Statute and Case

这项国际联合研究的目的是让日本、德国和美国的研究人员对大陆成文法文化的规则推理和英美判例法文化的案例推理进行逻辑分析，阐明法律规则和法律类比的解释机制，并将基于规则的法律推理体系与基于案例的法律推理体系相融合。在这项国际联合研究中，取得了以下成果：(1)从多个方面阐明了大陆法系的基于规则的推理和英美法系的基于案例的推理的逻辑结构。(2)明确了基于规则的推理和基于案例的推理在法律上的关系以及两者的结合方式。(3)用逻辑流程图和复合谓词公式表示法律知识的方法是…(4)澄清了《联合国国际货物销售合同公约》(《销售公约》)第二部分的逻辑结构。该部分在计算机中用英语和日语的逻辑流程图表示，部分还用CPF表示。这些知识表示方法已被日本研究人员和美国研究人员采纳为一种通用的表示形式。(5)日本研究人员和美国研究人员根据《公约》的逻辑流程图讨论了《公约》若干条款的解释问题，证明了这种表示形式是具有不同语言和文化的日美律师相互交流的一种卓有成效的方法。(6)发现了《公约》解释问题中值得注意的几个问题。这些不同的解释与不同的法律文化之间的关系变得清晰起来。(7)德国研究人员开发了德语、英语和法语版的《公约》超级卡系统。在以下几点上，联合研究的最终目的是在非常有限的范围内建立一个完整的系统：(1)开发了一个基于规则的法律推理系统以及一个法律类推的实验系统。但是，我们不能在法律上安装任何基于规则的推理和基于案例的推理的融合系统。(2)开发了基于CPF的日语法律文本和英语法律文本的实验性生成系统。然而，我们在法律上无法开发出日语和英语之间的任何接口。较少

The object of this international joint research is for the researchers from Japan as well as Germany and the United States of America to analyze logically 'rule based reasoning', which belongs to the continental statutory law culture and 'case based reasoning' which belongs to the Anglo-American case law culture, clarify the mechanism of the interpretation of legal rules and legal analogy and amalgamate a rule based legal reasoning system with a case based legal reasoning system. In this international joint research the following results have been achieved :(1)Logical structures of 'rule based reasoning' in the continental law and 'case based reasoning' in the Anglo-American law have been in many points clarified.(2)The relationship between rule based reasoning and case based reasoning in law and the way to combine the both have been also clarified.(3)The methods of the representation of legal knowledge in terms of the logical flow chart and the compound predicate formula (CPF) has bee … More n developed.(4)The logical structure of the second part of United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG) has been clarified. The part was represented in the computer in terms of the logical flow chart in English as well as in Japanese and also in terms of CPF partly. These knowledge representation methods have been adapted as a common representation form between the Japanese researchers and the American researchers.(5)Japanese researchers and American researchers discussed interpretation problems of several articles of CISG on the basis of logical flow charts of CISG, so that it was proved that this representation form is a fruitful method for Japanese and American lawyers, who have the different language and culture, to communicate with each other.(6)The several interesting issues of interpretation problems of CISG have been found. The relationship between these different interpretations and the different cultures of law became clear.(7)A Hyper Card system of CISG in German, English and French has been developed by the German researchers.On the following points the final object of the joint research to make a integrated system has been achieved only in the very restricted range :(1)A rule base legal reasoning system as well as a experimental system of legal analogy was developed. However we could not install any amalgamating system of rule based reasoning and case based reasoning in law.(2)Some experimental generating system of Japanese legal text and English Legal text from CPF was developed. However we could not develop any interface between Japanese and English language in law. Less