Physiological and pathological studies of thermogenic organ, brown adipose tissue

为评价产热器官棕色脂肪组织（BAT）的意义，开展了以下几个方面的合作研究：bat2的细胞组织学特征。BAT功能的中枢和外周调控机制BAT的病理生理；BAT生态。已经获得了一些新的和重要的发现。提出了在中国仓鼠体内通过松果体刺激BAT的调节作用。交感神经去甲肾上腺素增加钙流入BAT细胞。除去甲肾上腺素能纤维外，还观察到神经肽Y和P物质纤维能支配BAT细胞和血管。在BAT线粒体的内膜中发现了Cl和K的通道。在体外三维胶原凝胶培养中复制分化和增殖。分离纯化了刺激BAT脂肪生成的脑源性脂质肽。细胞因子（IL-1和TNF）通过作用于下丘脑神经元刺激BAT产热。IL-1的作用通过CRF介导。冷驯化降低了BAT的胰岛素受体，而胰岛素含量升高。BAT的神经节苷脂GM3在冷驯化过程中升高。一氧化氮被证明是去甲肾上腺素通过BAAT诱导血流量增加的信使分子。缺乏BAT产热被认为与人类肥胖有关。野生啮齿动物BAT中的蛋白质和脂肪酸等化学成分因其饮食、环境温度和海拔而异。大家承认，这次合作研究的拟议目标已接近实现。此外，人们已经认识到BAT不仅与冷驯化中的热调节生热有关，还与能量代谢和应激反应有关。

To evaluate significance of thermogenic organ, brown adipose tissue (BAT), co-operative fresearch has been conducted about the following subjects : 1. cytohistological features of BAT 2. central and peripheral regulatory mechanisms of BAT function 3. pathophysiology of BAT 4. ecology of BAT.Several novel and significant findings have been obtained. Stimulative regulation of BAT through pineal gland was suggested in chinese hamster. Sympathetic noradrenaline was found to increase calucium infux to BAT cell. Neuropeptide Y and substance P fibers in addition to noradrenergic one were abserved to innervate BAT cells as well as vessels. Channels for Cl and K were suggested in inner membrance of BAT mitochondria. Differentiation and proliferation were reproduced in vitro with 3 dimentional collagen-gel culture. Brain-derived lipogenic peptide which stimulated BAT lipogenesis was isolated and purified. Cytokines (IL-1 and TNF) were shown to stimulate BAT thermogenesis through acting on hypothalamic neurons. Action of IL-1 was mediated through CRF.Cold acclimation decreased insulin receptors of BAT, while insulin content increased. Ganglioside GM3 in BAT increased during cold acclimation. Nitric oxide was evidenced to be a messenger molecule for noradrenaline-induced increase in blood flow through BAAT.Deficient BAT thermogenesis was suggeested to be involved in humban obesity. Chemical compositions such as protein and fatty acids in BAT of wild rodents varied according to their diets, ambient temperature and altitude. Proposed objects of this co-operative research is conceded to be nearly attained. Furthermore, it has been recogniaed that BAT is not only concerned with thermorogulatory tghermogenesis in cold acclimation, but energy metabolism and stress response.