Physiological and pathological studies of thermogenic organ, brown adipose tissue

为了评价产热器官棕色脂肪组织（BAT）的意义，本研究对以下几个方面进行了合作研究：1。BAT 2的细胞组织学特征。BAT功能的中枢和外周调节机制3. BAT的病理生理学4.生态学的BAT。已经获得了一些新的和重要的发现。提示BAT通过松果体对中国仓鼠有刺激性调节作用。交感去甲肾上腺素可增加BAT细胞钙离子的输入。除去甲肾上腺素能纤维外，还观察到神经肽Y和P物质纤维支配BAT细胞和血管。BAT线粒体内膜中存在Cl和K通道。胶原凝胶三维培养法进行体外增殖和分化。分离纯化了刺激BAT脂肪生成的脑源性脂肪生成肽。细胞因子（IL-1和TNF）通过作用于下丘脑神经元刺激BAT产热。冷适应降低BAT的胰岛素受体，增加BAT的胰岛素含量。冷驯化过程中BAT中神经节苷脂GM 3含量增加。一氧化氮被证明是去甲肾上腺素诱导的BAAT血流量增加的信使分子。野生啮齿动物BAT的蛋白质和脂肪酸等化学成分随食物、环境温度和海拔高度的不同而变化。我们承认，这项合作研究的拟议目标已接近实现。BAT不仅与冷驯化的热调节热发生有关，还与能量代谢和应激反应有关。

To evaluate significance of thermogenic organ, brown adipose tissue (BAT), co-operative fresearch has been conducted about the following subjects : 1. cytohistological features of BAT 2. central and peripheral regulatory mechanisms of BAT function 3. pathophysiology of BAT 4. ecology of BAT.Several novel and significant findings have been obtained. Stimulative regulation of BAT through pineal gland was suggested in chinese hamster. Sympathetic noradrenaline was found to increase calucium infux to BAT cell. Neuropeptide Y and substance P fibers in addition to noradrenergic one were abserved to innervate BAT cells as well as vessels. Channels for Cl and K were suggested in inner membrance of BAT mitochondria. Differentiation and proliferation were reproduced in vitro with 3 dimentional collagen-gel culture. Brain-derived lipogenic peptide which stimulated BAT lipogenesis was isolated and purified. Cytokines (IL-1 and TNF) were shown to stimulate BAT thermogenesis through acting on hypothalamic neurons. Action of IL-1 was mediated through CRF.Cold acclimation decreased insulin receptors of BAT, while insulin content increased. Ganglioside GM3 in BAT increased during cold acclimation. Nitric oxide was evidenced to be a messenger molecule for noradrenaline-induced increase in blood flow through BAAT.Deficient BAT thermogenesis was suggeested to be involved in humban obesity. Chemical compositions such as protein and fatty acids in BAT of wild rodents varied according to their diets, ambient temperature and altitude. Proposed objects of this co-operative research is conceded to be nearly attained. Furthermore, it has been recogniaed that BAT is not only concerned with thermorogulatory tghermogenesis in cold acclimation, but energy metabolism and stress response.