Role of motor proteins in cell motility

细胞运动是指存在于低等真核生物、植物细胞和动物细胞等活细胞中的一种活动，由运动蛋白支持。肌动球蛋白系统是一种典型的运动蛋白。然而，肌球蛋白与肌动蛋白在体外的相互作用模式过于简单，不能解释细胞分裂、胞质流动和收缩等细胞运动的各种表型，本合作研究的目的是（1）获得新的运动蛋白，（2）寻找调控肌球蛋白与肌动蛋白相互作用的新机制，（3）采用最新的细胞运动分析技术。经过3年的合作，以上列出的研究者，取得了以下结果。(1)肌球蛋白样蛋白从几种植物细胞中获得。(2)阐明了肌球蛋白轻链激酶的新的调节作用。(3)我们应用体外运动实验分析肌动球蛋白系统的调节，蛋白质序列技术分析顶体反应，核磁共振技术分析肌球蛋白的运动功能，离心显微镜分析肌动蛋白的运动功能。

Cell Motility is an activity that is obserbed in the living cells including lower eukayotes, plant cells and animal cells, and is supported by motor proteins. Actomyosin system is a typical motor protein. However, the mode of the interaction of myosin with actin in vitro is so simple that the mode can not explain various phenotypes of cell motility such as cell division, cytoplasmic streaming and contraction.This co-operative research intended (1) to obtain new motor protein, (2) to find a new mechanism which regulates the interaction of myosin with actin, and (3) to adopt recent techniques for the analysis of cell motility. After the 3 years co-operation among the investigators listed above, following results were obtained. (1) myosin-like proteins were obtained from a few species of plant cells. (2) Novel regulatory role of myosin light chain kinase was elucidated. (3) We applied i)in vitro motility assay to the analysis of the regulation of actomyosin system, ii)protein requence technique to the analysis of acrosomal reaction, iii)NMR technique to motor function of myosin, and iv)centrifuge microscope to motor function of actin.