A Study on the Comfort of Living Environment for the Elderly

老年人居住环境舒适度研究

• 批准号: 03680074
• 负责人: MIYANO Michio
• 金额: $ 1.28万
• 依托单位: OSAKA CITY UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1991
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1991 至 1993
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-03680074/
• 关键词: Elderly; Comfort; Sound environment; Thermal environment; Visual environment; Different floor levels; Attenevational load; Physiological response; 過熱環境; 視認性; アイマークカメラ; 居住環境性能; 快適; 温冷感; 聴覚; 居住環境; 安全

This study was conducted to examine the comfortable condition of living environment for the elderly. Primarily, environmental elements concerning safety and amenity of daily lives were estimated through questionnaire survey to the elderly. Analysis of this survey revealed the serious problems for aged people in daily lives. Some problems among their environment including public space were pointed out. In addition, we conducted some surveys and experiments on the factor of visual, thermal and sound environment. Those are as follows.(1) Experiments were conducted to examine the visibilty of different floor levels from stumbling point of view. The height of different floor levels and illuminance had influence on the visibility of different floor levels. Especially, the elderly were easily influenced by them.(2) A survey of visibility of visual informations as information maps and guidance signs on underground streets was conducted. Further, using trancsparencies, we set out a questionnaire both to young and aging people. The visual informations should be to enable aging people to easily recognize them.(3) The influence of thermal environment inside and outside of rail-road cars to human beings was clarified. Temperature, relative humidity and air current were measured. Moreover, temperature of the tympanum and of the human skin surface at 4 points were examined. At the same time, the datum of thermal sensation were collected.(4) Experiments were conducted to compare the impact on severalparts of the body caused by the striking of the heel during human gait. The genarated acceleration at calcaneus varied with the difference of flooring.(5) The frequency of the noise in public facilities was analyzed to grasp the sound environment and improve their defects.

本研究旨在探讨老年人居住环境的舒适状况。通过对老年人的问卷调查，对老年人日常生活的安全性、舒适性等基本环境因素进行了评价。对这项调查的分析揭示了老年人在日常生活中面临的严重问题。指出了包括公共空间在内的城市环境中存在的一些问题。此外，还对视觉、热环境、声环境等因素进行了调查和实验。这些建议如下。(1)从跌撞撞的角度出发，对不同楼层进行了试验研究。不同楼层的高度和照度对不同楼层的能见度有影响。尤其是老年人，更容易受到影响。(2)对地下街道信息地图和导向标识等视觉信息的可视性进行了调查。此外，使用transsparencies，我们制定了一份调查问卷，年轻人和老年人。视觉信息应该使老年人能够容易地识别它们。(3)阐明了铁路汽车车内外热环境对人体的影响。测量了温度、相对湿度和气流。此外，在4个点处检查鼓膜和人皮肤表面的温度。同时收集热感觉资料。(4)本文通过实验比较了人体步态中脚跟撞击对人体各部位的冲击。跟骨处产生的加速度随地板的不同而不同。(5)通过对公共设施噪声频率的分析，掌握公共设施声环境状况，改善公共设施存在的缺陷。

项目成果

Nobuhara Rie: "A study on the Visibility of Different Floor Levels. The Experiments from Stumbling Point of View" The Annals of Physiological Anthropology. Vol.13 (in print). (1994)

信原理惠：“对不同楼层可见性的研究。从绊倒的角度进行的实验”《生理人类学年鉴》。

Doi Tadashi: "Studies on Development of Evaluation Method for Wood-Based Floors. Part 1. Evaluating the Attenuational Capacity of Human Locomoter System due to the Acceleration at Several Parts of the Human Body" The Annals of Physiological Anthropology.

Doi Tadashi：“木地板评估方法开发研究。第 1 部分：评估人体多个部位的加速度引起的人体运动系统的衰减能力”《生理人类学年鉴》。

Doi Tadashi: "Evaluation of Visibility of Information Maps and Guidance Sign on Underground Streets in Umeda, Osaka. Research on Visual informations Easily Recognized by Aging People" Journal of Architecture, Planning and Environmental Engineering. No.457

土井正：“大阪梅田地下街道信息地图和引导标志的可视性评估。老年人容易识别的视觉信息研究”建筑、规划和环境工程学杂志。

宮野 道雄,上井 正,綿貫 茂喜: "公共交通機関の冷房負荷が高齢者に及ぼす影響" 生理人類誌.

Michio Miyano、Tadashi Uei、Shigeki Watanuki：“公共交通冷负荷对老年人的影响”生理人类学杂志。

土井 正: "木質系床材の性能評価法に関する研究 第1報.身体各部位の加速度に基づく検討" The Annals of Physiological Anthropology. 12. 11-16 (1993)

土井正：“木地板性能评价方法的研究，第1部分。基于身体各部位加速度的研究”《生理人类学年鉴》12. 11-16 (1993)。