Comfort eating in the Eating in America Study: New insights to inform prevention and intervention efforts across the lifespan
美国饮食研究中的舒适饮食:为整个生命周期的预防和干预工作提供新见解
基本信息
- 批准号:10576006
- 负责人:
- 金额:$ 19.68万
- 依托单位:
- 依托单位国家:美国
- 项目类别:
- 财政年份:2023
- 资助国家:美国
- 起止时间:2023-05-01 至 2026-04-30
- 项目状态:未结题
- 来源:
- 关键词:AddressAdolescenceAdoptedAdultAgeBehaviorBehavioralBeliefBody mass indexCaloriesCensusesCharacteristicsChildhoodDataDevelopmentDiabetes MellitusEatingEating BehaviorEmotionsEnvironmentEtiologyEventExhibitsFamily memberFatty acid glycerol estersFinchesFoodFrequenciesFutureGenerationsGoalsHealthHealth FoodHome environmentHuman DevelopmentIndividualInterventionInvestigationKnowledgeLifeLife Cycle StagesLinkLiteratureLongevityMediatingMethodsNational Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney DiseasesNon-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes MellitusObesityOverweightPersonsPrediabetes syndromePreparationPreventionPrevention approachProcessPsychophysiologyPsychosocial FactorReportingResearchRespondentRiskSamplingSelf EfficacySocial supportSodium ChlorideStressSubgroupTechniquesTestingTimeWeight GainWomanbiological adaptation to stresscollegecopingcostdemographicsdepressive symptomsexperienceexperimental studyfood insecurityfood preparationhuman old age (65+)innovationinsightintervention effectlow socioeconomic statusmiddle ageneglectnovelpoor health outcomepreventrepairedresponsesaturated fatstress symptomsugarsweet taste perception
项目摘要
About 35% of U.S. adults engage in comfort eating, defined as increasing one’s food intake or eating high-
calorie/fat/sugar foods in response to stress or other negative emotions. Comfort eating predicts subsequent
weight gain and also mediates links between stress and depressive symptoms with Body Mass Index (BMI).
Beyond effects on BMI, many unhealthy comfort foods are ultra-processed foods high in saturated fat, sugar,
and salt—foods that heighten risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Moreover, experiments manipulating comfort
eating do not evidence any meaningful causal benefits of this behavior for psychophysiological stress
responses. These adverse characteristics of comfort eating have motivated interventions; however, efforts to
curb comfort eating have neglected to attempt to prevent its initial development in early life—an approach that
could minimize negative health impacts across the lifespan. Furthermore, intervention reviews have concluded
that resulting effect sizes are often small (e.g., Cohen’s d = 0.12 to 0.26) or inconsistent (Cohen’s d = -0.17 to
0.04), and scholars have called for additional research to determine which intervention methods are most
appropriate for which individuals. Relatedly, although self-efficacy—how confident people are that they can
perform a certain behavior—is a robust predictor of both behavioral intentions and actual behavior in other
literatures, little is known about which factors are associated with self-efficacy for comfort eating cessation. To
address these critical gaps in knowledge, we will analyze data from the Eating in America Study collected from
December 2019 to January 2020 among a national census-matched sample of 2,022 U.S. adults age 18 and
older, carrying out the following specific aims: 1) Characterize the etiology of comfort eating from a life course
perspective using a mixed-methods approach; 2) Identify demographic, comfort food, belief, developmental,
and psychosocial factors associated with self-efficacy to quit comfort eating; and 3) Determine which sub-
populations may be at elevated risk for poor health outcomes associated with comfort eating. This research will
generate new knowledge regarding how stages in the lifespan, life events, and the familial environment may
play a role in the origins of comfort eating. Furthermore, this project will be the first in a large, national sample
to examine self-efficacy to quit comfort eating and the key factors that explain it—data that could reveal new
levers for influencing this key construct and thereby, comfort eating itself. Finally, this investigation will provide
new insights into which sub-populations may be at greater risk of the poor health that comes with comfort
eating. Equipped with these novel insights generated with support from the NIDDK (PAR-21-313), in the next
stage of her transition to research independence, the PI (Dr. Finch) will move forward with her long-term goal
of developing and testing a new generation of targeted, tailored, and innovative comfort eating prevention and
intervention techniques. For instance, novel techniques may include prevention in childhood or adolescence by
targeting parental behaviors, and/or changing beliefs about comforting capacities of comfort eating.
大约35%的美国成年人有安慰性饮食,定义为增加食物摄入量或吃得高
项目成果
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Laura Elizabeth Finch其他文献
Laura Elizabeth Finch的其他文献
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