The Founding of New Universities for Women and the Department of Home Economics

新女子大学和家政系的成立

• 批准号: 03680086
• 负责人: TSUNOH Atsuko
• 金额: $ 1.47万
• 依托单位: Shinshu University (1992-1993)Seitoku University (1991)
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1991
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1991 至 1993
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-03680086/
• 关键词: Postwar Education Feform; Women's Higher Education; Department of Home Economics; Civil Information and Education; Dr.Lulu Holmes; Eells; University Accreditation Association; Founding of New Universities for Japanese Women; 新制大学の創設; 女子高等教育; 新制女

Before World War II,the Japanese Ministry of Education had been authorized as the agency to grant approval for founding new universities in Japan ; but, after the war, as the new system of universities was being established, Dr.Lulu Holmes, an adviser, from 1946 to 1948, to the Education Division of the Civil Information and Education Section under General MacArthur, created the nation-wide Japanese University Accreditation Association. The Association would establish certain qualifying standards which, when successfully met by any university, would oblige the Ministry of Education to grant it accreditation. Holmes devised this system so that any university, including women's universities, would be equitably judged and fairly accredited by the Ministry of Education. As a result and with the permission of the Ministry of Education, the new system of national Japanese universities, offering equal higher education to men and women alike, commenced in April 1949.In 1948 in Japan, immediately after World War II,the first new universities for women and their Departments of Home Economics were created as a result of the Education Reform.It is clear that in the early spring of 1948, the educational reforms, long desired by most Japanese educators, and planned by the Education Division hung in limbo. Had Japan's educational system reverted to the clitist system in existence before the war, which both Eells and Mombusho advocated, women's oppoutunities for university-level education would not have improved. We must conclude that Holme's and Shay's battle against Eells'non-progressive educational views helped to thwart and prevent the sabotage and ultimate abortion of Japan's higher education program.This historical analysis is based mainly on governmental documents which were opened to the public in the U.S.A., on Holmes'oral history, on Joseph Trainor's memories, and on personal interviews with persons afliliated with Dr.Holmes'work.

第二次世界大战前，日本文部省被授权作为批准在日本创办新大学的机构;但是，战后，随着新的大学制度的建立，1946年至1948年在麦克阿瑟将军领导下的公民信息和教育科教育司担任顾问的露露·霍姆斯博士，成立了全国性的日本大学认证协会。该协会将制定某些资格标准，如果任何大学成功地达到这些标准，教育部将有义务给予其认证。霍姆斯设计了这一制度，使任何大学，包括女子大学，将公平地判断和公平地认可教育部。因此，在文部省的许可下，1949年4月开始实行男女平等接受高等教育的新的日本国立大学制度。1948年，第二次世界大战刚结束，由于教育改革，第一批新的女子大学及其家政学系成立。1948年，教育改革，大多数日本教育工作者长期渴望，并计划由教育司悬而未决。如果日本的教育体系恢复到战前存在的CLITIST体系，这是Eells和Mombusho所倡导的，女性接受大学教育的机会不会得到改善。我们必须得出这样一个结论：霍姆和谢伊对埃尔斯的非进步教育观的斗争有助于挫败和防止日本高等教育计划的破坏和最终流产。关于霍姆斯的口述历史，关于约瑟夫·特雷纳的记忆，以及对霍姆斯博士工作相关人员的个人采访。

项目成果

Atsuko Kusano: "The Education Reform after World War II and Lulu Holmes" Kateika Kyoiku. Vol.67 No.13. 59-64 (1993)

草野敦子：《二战后的教育改革和露露·福尔摩斯》Kateika Kyoiku。