Improvement and Multiplication of Functions of Carbon Materials with Large Surface Area

为了提高大表面积碳材料（活性炭）的性能并赋予其附加功能，在以下两点上进行了基础研究；1)了解氮气和二氧化碳气体的吸附特性与碳材料结构和质地的关系。2)通过激光照射和掺杂改善吸附特性。对于大多数样品，发现解吸曲线与吸附曲线重叠。各样品在不同温度下的吸附曲线均有独特的曲线，表明其吸附机理不同。氮气测定的BET表面积与二氧化碳测定的BET表面积一致。在由苯酚树脂制成的活性炭上，显示出对二氧化碳的不可逆吸附，并提供了储存二氧化碳气体的可能性。发现YAG激光束辐照碳具有两种竞争效应；碳表面的退火和活化。在石墨薄片中掺杂硫酸（插层）和随后的分解被发现会引起表面积的增加，并伴有显著的剥落。证实了在激光照射下，硅的掺杂是可能的。

In order to improve the function of carbon materials with large surface area (activated carbons) and to give additional functions to them, the fundamental studies were carried out on the following two points ;1) Understanding of the relations of adsorption characteristics of nitrogen and carbon dioxide gases to the structure and texture of carbon materials.2) Improvement of adsorption characteristics by laser irradiation and doping.For most of the samples, the desorption curve was found to overlap on the adsorption cruve. The Polany plots of the adsorption curves at different temperatures gave and unique curve for each sample, suggesting unique adsorption mechanism. The BET surface area determined by nitrogen gas was confirmed to coincide with that by carbon dioxide gas.On an activated carbon derived from a phenol resin spheres showed an irreversible adsorption of carbon dioxide and gave a possibility to store carbon dioxide gas.The irradiation of carbons by YAG laser beam was found to give two competitive effects ; annealing and activation of the carbon surface. The doping of sulfuric acid into graphite flakes (intercalation) and the subsequent decomposition was found to induce the increase in surface area associated with a remarkable exfoliation. It was confirmed that the doping of silicon was possible by the irradiation of a laser beam.