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Development of a simple method for measuring resistance to water transport in crop plants.

开发一种测量农作物水输送阻力的简单方法。

基本信息

批准号：
03556003
负责人：
HIRASAWA Tadashi
金额：
$ 4.1万
依托单位：
Tokyo University of Agric. & Tech.
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Developmental Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
1991
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1991 至 1992
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-03556003/
关键词：
Acute severe wilting Desiccated white head Exudation rate Root pressure Root resistance to water transport Stem resistance to water transport Stomata Transpiration 水の通導抵抗本部液の浸透ポテンシャル能動的吸水受動的吸水イネダイズ葉の水ポテンシャル光合成速度の日中低下 /

项目摘要

Even though crop plants are growing under sufficient soil moisture conditions, stomatal conductance and photosynthetic rate decrease in the afternoon on a clear day and, moreover, severe leaf wilting and leaf death sometimes occur due to water deficits. Increase of resistance to water transport in plants is responsible for the plant water deficits. It is required to estimate resistance to water transport in various parts of a plant for investigating the cause of the water deficits and for breeding drought-resistant plants. This investigation was to develop a simple method for measuring the resistance in crop plants especially in roots and stem of which resistance is thought to be variable.1. For estimating stem resistance, (1) low hydrostatic pressure (P) was applied on the cut end of a stem segment, (2) exudation rate (E) from the other cut end of the segment was measured and (3) resistance to water transport in the segment (Rs) was calculated by Eq(1). Resistance of the base of a ste … More m and of the panicle base increased markedly in the severely wilted cucumber plant and in the rice plant with desiccated white head, respectively, which agrees with the results obtained from other reliable measurements. It was concluded that this method can be employed for estimating stem resistance.Rs=P/E (1), Rr=Pr/Er (2)2. For estimating root resistance, (1) exudation rate (Er) and root pressure (Pr) were measured at the base of a stem and the resistance from roots to the base of a stem was calculated by Eq. (2). This resistance can be thought to be root resistance in active water uptake. Root resistance in active water uptake was far larger than that in passive water uptake under intense transpiration. However, it was supposed that there is a close correlation between the resistance in active and passive water uptake, that is, the higher the resistance in active water uptake, the higher, the resistance in passive water uptake. It was concluded from these results that root resistance in passive water uptake under intense transpiration could be compared by measuring the resistance in active water uptake. Less

即使作物在充足的土壤水分条件下生长，但在晴朗的下午，气孔导度和光合作用速率都会下降，而且，有时会因为水分不足而发生严重的叶片枯萎和死亡。植物水分运输阻力的增加是造成植物水分亏缺的原因。为了调查缺水的原因和培育抗旱植物，需要估计植物不同部位对水分运输的阻力。这项研究旨在开发一种简单的方法来测量作物植株的抗性，特别是在被认为抗性是可变的根和茎中。为了估算茎的阻力，(1)在茎段的切端施加低静水压力(P)，(2)测量茎段另一端的渗出量(E)，(3)用公式(1)计算茎段的水分输送阻力(Rs)。STE…底座的电阻严重枯萎的黄瓜植株和干燥的白穗水稻植株的穗基数显著增加，这与其他可靠的测量结果一致。结果表明，该方法可以用来估算根部阻力：Rs=P/E(1)，Rr=Pr/er(2)2.估算根部阻力的方法是：(1)测定根部的渗出速率(Er)和根压力(Pr)，用公式计算根部到根部的阻力。(2)。这一抗性可以认为是根系对活跃水分吸收的抗性。在强蒸腾条件下，主动吸水的根系阻力远大于被动吸水的阻力。而主动吸水阻力与被动吸水阻力之间存在着密切的相关性，即主动吸水阻力越大，被动吸水阻力越大。因此，可以通过测定根系主动吸水阻力来比较强蒸腾条件下根系被动吸水阻力的大小。较少