Studies On The Involvement Of Education Interest Groups In The Education Policy Making

这项研究进行了两年（1991- 1992年），试图澄清教育利益集团参与地方教育政策制定的情况，特别是确定参与的这些集团及其在县和政府法令指定城市的影响力。在本研究的第二年，我们对新建高中的政策进行了三次不同但又相互关联的调查，假设这些地方政府对新建高中有很大的自由裁量权，因此新建高中是自主的。首先，调查的目的是查明这些地方政府是否设立了新型学校的咨询委员会或审查机构，从而确定所涉及的教育利益集团及其成员。本研究以第一次初步调查的研究结果为基础，以正在努力建立新型高中的埼玉县为个案，调查在各种政治谈判和教育利益团体的参与下，直到建立新型学校的政策制定过程。最后，通过问卷调查的方式，对这些县、市的PTA、日本校长协会、日本初中、高中副校长协会和组织最活跃的高中教师工会这七个团体的成员进行了调查，询问他们自己在建立新型学校中的参与程度，以及他们对自己的角色/影响力的评价。结论是，教育利益集团在目前多元化的教育政策制定过程中发挥了重要作用，尽管它们的参与主要限于参加委员会或审查机构。

This study which was conducted for two years (1991-92) has attempted to clarify the involvement of education interest groups in the local education policy making, specifically to identify those groups involved and their power of influencing at the Prefectures and Government Ordinance Designated cities.In the second year of this study, three different, but inter-related surveys were conducted on the policy of making new types of senior high school, assuming that those local governments have vast discretionary powers on those schools, thus making those schools on their own initiatives.First, the survey was made to ascertain whether there were advisory committees or examining bodies for the new types of school at those local governments, thus identifing those education interest groups involved and its members.Based upon the research findings in the first preliminary survey, Saitama Prefecture which had been endeavoring to make new type of high school was taken as a case study to survey the policy making process up to the establishment of new type of school in various political negociations and the involvement of education interest groups.Finally, the survey was conducted to the members of those seven groups of PTA, Japanese Association of Principals, Japanese Assocication of Vice Principals of junior and senior high school and most highly organized Teachers Union of senior high school at those prefectures and cities by way of question are in asking their own involvement in the establishment of new types of school and their own evaluation of their roles/influencial powers.It is concluded that the education interest groups have played an important role in the present diversifing education policy making process, although their involvement are limited mainly to the participation in the committees or examning bodies.