Mineralogical Study on Bacterial Magnetite

细菌磁铁矿的矿物学研究

• 批准号: 03640668
• 负责人: AKAI Junji
• 金额: $ 1.34万
• 依托单位: Niigata University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1991
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1991 至 1993
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-03640668/
• 关键词: magnetotactic bacteria; magnetite; electron microscope; mineral; sediments; バクテリア; 結晶学的方位; 新潟県; 潟湖; 日本海; 生体鉱物; 環境変化; マグネトソ-ム; 粘土鉱物; 石こう; 電顕

Much interests have been focussed on biogenic magnetites not only biologically, technologically, medical sciences but also from the aspect of earth science contaning mineralogy. They are related to geomagnetism, evolution of life, environmental change in the early stage of the earth history. However, mineralogical studies have been rare till now on. In this study, we carried out mineralogical caharacterization of biogenic magnetites both from deep sea sediments(western Pacific Ocean and Japan Sea) and from living bacteria in Niigata Region. The results showed the followings : Deep Sea sediments contain pretty large amounts of biogenic magnetite. Biogenic magnetite was found for the first time from the Japan Sea. Various shapes of the magnetite were found. The Japan Sea sediments often contain more predominant tear drop types that the other types. The crystallographic elongation direction of the tear drop type were determined by TEM.They are often a-directions. The other mineralogical characteristics were determined. Examining living bacteria, mascagnite grain was found for the first time, Mascagnite is (NH_4)_2SO_4. They may be related metabolic products although the detail is not kyown.

生物成因磁铁矿不仅在生物、技术、医学等方面引起了人们的关注，而且在地球科学和矿物学方面也引起了极大的关注。它们与地球历史早期的地磁、生命演化、环境变化有关。然而，到目前为止，矿物学研究还很少。在这项研究中，我们对来自深海沉积物(西太平洋和日本海)的生物磁铁矿和来自新泻地区活细菌的生物磁铁矿进行了矿物学表征。结果表明：深海沉积物中含有相当数量的生物磁铁矿。首次在日本海发现生物磁铁矿。发现了各种形状的磁铁矿。与其他类型相比，日本海沉积物中往往含有更多的泪滴类型。用透射电子显微镜测定了泪滴型的结晶伸长方向，它们通常是a方向。测定了其他矿物学特征。通过对活菌的检测，首次发现了马赛克石颗粒，马赛克石为(NH_4)_2SO_4。它们可能是相关的代谢产物，尽管细节不清楚。

项目成果

赤井 純治,永穂 久: "バクテリア起源磁鉄鉱を含みFe・Ti鉱物,粘土鉱物を中心にした日本海海底堆積物中の鉱物組成と鉱物学的特長" 日本海中部緑部大陸棚周辺海域の海洋地質学部的研究ー平成3年度研究概要報告書. (1992)

Junji Akai、Hisashi Nagaho：“日本海海底沉积物的矿物成分和矿物学特征，包括细菌衍生的磁铁矿、铁/钛矿物和粘土矿物”日本海地质研究部中央绿色大陆架周围的海洋 - 1991研究总结报告（1992）。

Takaharu Sato: "Variation in Fe_3O_4 and CaCO_3 contents in Deep-Sea Core from the Western Equatorial Pacific" Journ.Geonag.Geochem.45. 125-132 (1992)

Takaharu Sato：“西赤道太平洋深海核心中 Fe_3O_4 和 CaCO_3 含量的变化”Journ.Geonag.Geochem.45。

Junji Akai: "Electron microscope- mineralogical study on bacterial magnetite (in Japanese)" Electron Microscope (Denshi Kenbikyo). vol.27. 225-234 (1993)

Junji Akai：“电子显微镜 - 细菌磁铁矿的矿物学研究（日语）”电子显微镜（Denshi Kenbikyo）。

Junji Akai: "TEM study on biogenic magnetite in deep-sea sediments from the Japan Sea and Western Pacific Ocean" Journ.Electron Microscopy. 40. 110-117 (1991)

Junji Akai：“日本海和西太平洋深海沉积物中生物磁铁矿的 TEM 研究”Journ.Electron Microscopy。

赤井純治: "バクテリア起源磁鉄鉱の電顕鉱物学的研究" 電子顕微鏡. 28. (1993)

Junji Akai：“细菌衍生磁铁矿的电子显微镜矿物学研究”电子显微镜 28。（1993）