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Impact on researches of evolution, environmental problems and early processes of solar system by using nano-reaction analysis and natural nano-scale minerals

利用纳米反应分析和天然纳米矿物对演化、环境问题和太阳系早期过程研究的影响

基本信息

批准号：
16340168
负责人：
AKAI Junji
金额：
$ 10.84万
依托单位：
Niigata University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
2004
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2004 至 2007
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

We carried out examination on our research theme "Impact on researches of evolution, environmental problems and early processes of solar system by using nano-reaction analysis and natural nano-scale minerals." We, here, summarize the main results briefly.1) Evolution: we examined famous Precambrian samples from Gun Flint chert which is known to have world famous unicell- fossil-like structure and samples from Marble Bar chert. They were examined mineralogical methods. The former consists of three different mineral species. This result has already been reported.2) Environmental problem: we are now continuing research about arsenic contamination of ground water in some regions in the world. Recently we are focusing on Inner Mongolia region. Here, very characteristic sediments occur in relation to arsenic contamination of ground water. It is extremely black sand. We clarified the relationship between the color change and the dissolution of arsenic from the sediments. That is, black color is due to Iron sulfide-like materials coating on the sand surface, which is probably replaced with original iron oxide and/or hydroxides. The conditions correspond to extremely reductive environments which are produced by SRB activity. These results have been preliminarily reported. Another example about Earth's surface environment is Mn-nodules. Constituent mineral characteristics were examined and was clarified to be nano-scale structural fatures.3) Early solar system is related t meteorite samples. We carried out detailed TEM examination for carbon minerals cotained in carbonaceous chondrite. We found many nano-diamond grains and nano- to sub-micron scale organic materials in Antarctic meteorite. We discussed about the origins and relationship to classification of meteorite and characteristics of other carbon minerals. We are going to summarize them and to publish these data.Thus, important results have been obtained, this research year.

我们对我们的研究主题“利用纳米反应分析和天然纳米级矿物对进化、环境问题和太阳系早期过程研究的影响”进行了审查。“我们，在这里，简要总结了主要结果。1）进化：我们检查了著名的前寒武纪样品枪弗林特燧石，这是已知的世界著名的单细胞化石状结构和样品的大理石酒吧燧石。他们进行了矿物学方法的研究。前者由三种不同的矿物组成。2）环境问题：我们正在继续研究世界上一些地区地下水砷污染的情况。最近我们重点关注内蒙古地区。在这里，出现了与地下水砷污染有关的非常典型的沉积物。这是一个非常黑的沙子。阐明了沉积物中砷的溶解与颜色变化的关系。也就是说，黑色是由于在砂表面上的硫化铁样材料涂层，其可能被原始的氧化铁和/或氢氧化物取代。这些条件对应于由SRB活动产生的极端还原性环境。这些结果已被初步报道。地球表面环境的另一个例子是锰结核。对陨石的组成矿物特征进行了分析，确定其为纳米尺度的结构矿物。3）早期太阳系与陨石有关。对碳质球粒陨石中的碳矿物进行了详细的透射电镜观察。在南极陨石中发现了大量的纳米金刚石颗粒和纳米至亚微米级的有机物。讨论了陨石的成因、与陨石分类的关系以及其它碳质矿物的特征。我们将对这些数据进行总结并发表，因此，本研究年度取得了重要成果。