Interaction between life anf minerals, and impact on geohistory, environments and evolution

开展了为期3年的矿物-微生物相互作用项目研究。本项目研究旨在揭示新地球形象的真知灼见，对矿物形象、生物相关矿物和生物相关地表固体地球有一些新的见解。具体论证了矿物与微生物的相互作用。(1)研究了孟加拉国地下水中砷的污染情况：通过微生物培养实验证明了砷的溶解。关于砷的还原溶解和氧化溶解有两种有争议的假说，但实验结果表明，还原溶解是正确的，在氧化条件下没有砷溶解。通过基因分析和脂肪酸分析对与溶出度相关的微生物进行了检测。这些微生物在溶解沉积物中的砷方面发挥着重要作用。这些结果被总结在研究论文中(包括一篇印刷论文)。(2)黑云母在天然样品中的微生物风化及实验中，揭示了黑云母的微生物风化作用：在这种情况下，有三种微生物在风化过程中起作用。研究细菌对Tohno铀矿物风化变化的影响，发现形成了次生铀矿物Cherni Kovitc和Metaankolcic。(3)揭示了铁矿床的生物作用。对叠层石的结构也进行了研究。揭示了群马铁矿的氧化铁和砷污染物质不是纯的氢氧化铁，而是含磷成分和硫酸盐成分的氢氧化物。(4)对磁性螺杆菌等趋磁细菌进行了检测，分析了泪滴型磁铁矿的伸长方向。(5)在Niigata Pref的沉积物样品中发现了框状黄铁矿二十面体结构域的特殊结构。

Project study of Mineral - Microbe interaction was carried out for 3 years. This project study aimed to disclose insights of new earth image and to have some new insights of mineral image ; bio-related minerals and bio-related surface solid earth. A mineral - microbe interaction was concretely demonstrated. (1) Arsenic contamination of ground water in Bangladesh was studied : dissolution of arsenic was demonstrated by experiments using microbial culture experiments. There are two disputive hypotheses of reductive dissolution and oxidative dissolution, but the experimental results showed that reductive dissolution was true and under oxidatrve conditions no arsenic dissolved. Microbe which is related to the dissolution was examined by gene analysis and fatty acid analysis. Such microbes are playing an important role in dissolution of arsenic from sediments. These results are summarized in research papers (including a paper in print). (2) Microhial weathering of biotite In natural sample and in experiments, microbial weathering of biotite was disclosed : in the case, three types of microbes are acting in the weathering process. Examining bacterial Influences on changes in weathering of uranium minerals from Tohno, secondary uranium minerals, cherni kovitc and metaankolcitc were found to be formed. (3) Examining iron ore deposit bio-role was disclosed. Stromatolite structure was also examined. Iron oxides from Gunma iron mine and arsenic contaminated materials were disclosed to be not purely iron hydroxide but hydroxides with phosp horous component and sulphate component. (4) Magnetotactic bacteria such as Magnetospirillum magnetotacticum were examined : elongation directions of magnetite with tear drop type were an alyzed. (5) We discovered peculiar structure of icosahedral domains of framboidal pyrite from sediment samples from Niigata Pref.