Interaction between life anf minerals, and impact on geohistory, environments and evolution

矿物-微生物相互作用的项目研究进行了3年。本项目的研究旨在揭示新的地球图像的见解，并对矿物图像、生物相关矿物和生物相关地表固体地球有一些新的见解。矿物-微生物的相互作用得到了具体的证明. (1)对孟加拉国地下水的砷污染进行了研究：通过微生物培养实验证明了砷的溶解。还原溶解和氧化溶解两种假说存在争议，但实验结果表明还原溶解是正确的，氧化条件下砷不溶解。通过基因分析和脂肪酸分析，对与溶出度相关的微生物进行了检测。这些微生物在沉积物中砷的溶解中起着重要作用。研究论文（包括一份印刷论文）总结了这些结果。(2)黑云母的微生物风化在天然样品和实验中，揭示了黑云母的微生物风化作用：在这种情况下，三种类型的微生物在风化过程中起作用。研究细菌对Tohno铀矿物风化变化的影响，发现形成了次生铀矿物、chernikovitc和metaankolcitc。(3)揭示了铁矿石存款生物学作用。叠层石结构也进行了研究。从群马铁矿和砷污染物中分离出的铁氧化物不是单纯的氢氧化铁，而是含有磷和硫酸盐的氢氧化铁。(4)对趋磁细菌如Magnetotacticum等进行了检测，并对泪滴型磁铁矿的伸长方向进行了分析。(5)在新泻地区的沉积物中发现了一种特殊的二十面体结构。

Project study of Mineral - Microbe interaction was carried out for 3 years. This project study aimed to disclose insights of new earth image and to have some new insights of mineral image ; bio-related minerals and bio-related surface solid earth. A mineral - microbe interaction was concretely demonstrated. (1) Arsenic contamination of ground water in Bangladesh was studied : dissolution of arsenic was demonstrated by experiments using microbial culture experiments. There are two disputive hypotheses of reductive dissolution and oxidative dissolution, but the experimental results showed that reductive dissolution was true and under oxidatrve conditions no arsenic dissolved. Microbe which is related to the dissolution was examined by gene analysis and fatty acid analysis. Such microbes are playing an important role in dissolution of arsenic from sediments. These results are summarized in research papers (including a paper in print). (2) Microhial weathering of biotite In natural sample and in experiments, microbial weathering of biotite was disclosed : in the case, three types of microbes are acting in the weathering process. Examining bacterial Influences on changes in weathering of uranium minerals from Tohno, secondary uranium minerals, cherni kovitc and metaankolcitc were found to be formed. (3) Examining iron ore deposit bio-role was disclosed. Stromatolite structure was also examined. Iron oxides from Gunma iron mine and arsenic contaminated materials were disclosed to be not purely iron hydroxide but hydroxides with phosp horous component and sulphate component. (4) Magnetotactic bacteria such as Magnetospirillum magnetotacticum were examined : elongation directions of magnetite with tear drop type were an alyzed. (5) We discovered peculiar structure of icosahedral domains of framboidal pyrite from sediment samples from Niigata Pref.