Research for the Social mobility and Hegemony in the Occidental modern History

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1.This Research was planned to give light on the social mobility and hegemonial classes in Modern history of the occidental states, England, France and Germany. In that plan we are concerned to know how the cultural means(such as preach, ceremony, symbol, meritocracy)or apparatus(like educational instrument, trade union, church)have served to lead and govern(that's to say, effected the hegemony)the lower classes instead of using the administrative machineries. 2. As a result of three years'co-operative researhes, we attained to make apparent that, (1) first, in England, the upper gentry(upper-middle in 16th century)inder the Tudor's reign, especially those appointed to the Groom of Stool(in Excheguer)became influential by standing on King's private ceremony, in 18th century middle class coming in the midot of the gentry and populace, joint in moneyed interest with the former, absorbed the gentlemen's culture in town(conspicious consommation, for exampb) ; at the end of 19th century City's financial circles were identified with gentlemen's society and gentlemanly capitalism. (2) Secondly, in France, there has never been 'integral classe' as English gentlemen.'Anobli' despite of its intermediating place among noble and upper bourgeois, did not combine them, Neither Imperial nobles(1808-1814)did not constitute the mixed-3one. But those are interesting in our point of view, because they represented the meritocracy, which attracted the mind of middle class especially imperial military candidates. It was not before the Third Republic that the middle became independently hegemonial, what was attainable by offering the chances for the social promotion to the lower class. (3) In Germany, a part of middle class entered into the noble by buying knight's lands in 19th century. We get sight of these two classes in conflict on one side, and alliance on another side.