Tax and Social Security Policies in Aging Societies

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With a population that is aging faster than any other in the world, Japan faces serious public finance problems, particularly when it comes to tax and social security issues. The structural reforms are urgently needed to accommodate the impending demographic change. We looked at the Japanese tax and social security systems through a life-cycle general equilibrium simulation model. The simulation results suggest that even consumption financing of only basic pensions may not bring about a Pareto improvement, although it enlarges output of the economy by inducing capital formation.