Europe in Napoleonic Era

1997年，我研究了两个国家，威斯特伐利亚王国和贝格大公国，这两个国家是拿破仑于1807年在德国西北部人为建立的，目的是引入拿破仑法典并废除农奴制。因此，我发现德国的法律学家经常聚集在州的边界上讨论它的应用，尽管每个州都或多或少地搁置了自己的热情。1998年，我专注于领主的强迫劳动，他的地租，临时会费，法国统治者的态度与威斯特伐利亚和贝格的德国（前普鲁士）议员公务员对这些问题的态度形成对比。可以总结为，前者有兴趣消灭这些领主的权利，而后者则表现出某种谨慎或犹豫。根据前面的研究。我在1999年聚焦了这些法国和德国官员的危机意识，他们在明显的合作下工作，在维持或压制领主特权方面相互竞争。因此，废除奴隶制度只得到部分执行是有原因的。我可以在上面补充解释，拿破仑放弃了他的计划，因为他的目标是保持与其他欧洲君主相似的地位，将他的遗孀与他们的王子结婚（ss）；这种政策伴随着长子继承制，他必须放弃他的法典的实践。帝国贵族拥有的土地也是如此。那些土地被封建化了。此外，毫无疑问，顺利征收农奴会费是为征服俄国做准备所必需的。在意大利共和国，由于其18世纪司法批判的氛围，拿破仑法典更容易被引入。在那里，我们有公务员，如梅尔齐，他与法国统治有关。

Europe in Napoleonic eraIn 1997 I researched on two states, the Kingdom of Westphalia and Great Duchy of Berg which Napoleon had established artificially at the north-west of Germany in 1807 with the project to introduce of Napoleonic Code and to abolish the serfdom. So, I found that the German legists assembled often over the boundary of states to discuss on its application, though each state set aside more or less of their fervor.In 1998 I absorbed in the lord' s forced labor, his ground rent, casual dues, the attitude of French rulers in contrast of that of German (ex-prussians) councillors civil servants in Westphalia and Berg toward these issues.It can be summarized that the former is interested in annihilating these lord' s rights while the latter showed somehow prudence or hesitation to do it.Following these preceding researches. I bring in focus in 1999 the consciousness in crisis of these French and German functionaries, who, worked under the apparent collaboration, rivaled over sustaining or suppressing lord's prerogatives. Thus, there were reasons why abolition of servage was but partially executed. I can add to explanation above the fact that Napoleon abandoned his project, because he aimed to stay at the similar position to other European monarchs by marrying his leneage with their prince(ss) ; this policy being acconpanied by primogeniture, he must have given up the practice of his Code. It was the same for the lands possessed by imperial nobles. Those lands were (feudalized). Furthermore, there was no doubt that the smoothy levy of serf' s dues was demanded for the preparation of Conquest of Russia.In the Republic of Italy Napoleonic Code was more easily introduced because of it' s climate of critique of juridics in the 18th Century. There we have civil servant such as Merziwho associated with French reign.