The Development of bioarchaeological methods of rice agricultural study in ancient Japan.

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We have proceeded the following results in his project.1. Phytolith analysis was engaged in family Gramineae from the archaeological samples among many floral remains.2. SEM and DNA analysis were applied in the archaeological samples recovered from various sites in Japan.3. We were suceeded in retreaving ancient DNA from carbonized rice grain (Oryza sativa), then we could identify that these DNA were all those of Japonica.4. According to these results in this project, we can say that the methods for the reconstruction of ancient rice cultivation have been established bioarchaeologically. Especially, the success of retreaving of ancient DNA of carbonized rice (Oriza sativa) grain would contribute to the future studies of the origin and traditions of ancient rice cultivation.