Development of Sensory Aids for Blind People

我们开发了盲人感官代用品，并进行了实际测试，通过立体声声音信号和射流刺激，将障碍物的复数距离和方向同时传递给使用者。这些设备允许用户识别障碍物的形状并远离障碍物。还设计了一种使用立体彩色CCD相机的距离采集装置，该装置能够以视频速率获得2-D距离图像，并设计了一种神经网络程序，允许用户识别障碍物形状。总结得到的结果可以得出以下结论。使用该装置，不仅可以在水平方向上传输向前的距离，而且可以在垂直方向上以立体声声音信号的形式传输。对于简单形状物体的识别，只需要同时获取8个方向的距离信息。实验证明，神经网络程序在两个垂直方向上分别利用16个点的距离数据进行人工判断时，比人工判断更有效。除了使用声音信号外，刺激手指的方法也经过了测试，但理智的盲人用户给人的印象是他无法长时间使用。基于这个原因，我们开发了一种长时间可用的显示器，通过微射流刺激前额。对该方法的正确识别率进行了评价，验证了该方法对远距离图像传输的有效性，满足了图像体积小、重量轻、不接触的要求。研制了视频率下的三维测距仪。该测距仪的特点是实现了信号处理电路，可以在输入彩色视频信号的同时馈送距离信号，实现对运动物体的观测，对彩色物体也能实现60%以上的高距离采集率和小于0.018%的距离误差高精度。从这些方面可以判断，该装置是实用的。少

We have developed the sensory substitutes for blind people and carried out the practical tests, which transmitts simultaneously the plural distances and directions of obstacles to the user through stereo audible signal and stimulation of jet flows. These devices permitted the user to recognize the obstacle shapes and walk away from obstacles. Also heve been devised a distance acquisition device using stereo color CCD cameras which enables to obtain 2-D distance image at the video rate and a neuro networks program which permitts the user to recognize obstacle shapes.Summarizing the results obtained the following conclusions can be drawn.1.Using this device, it is possible to transmit not only the forward distance not only in the horizontal direction but also in the vertical one as stereo audible signals.2.To recognize the simple shape object, it is only needed to obtain the distance information in 8 directions at a time. Neural networks program has been proven to be effective more than … More the human judgment when use is made of the 16 points distance data respective in two vwrtical directions.3.Aside of using the audible signals, the method of stimulating the fingers has been tested but the sensible blind user gave the impression that he cannot endevor the long time use. From this reason we developed a long time usable display stimulating the forehead through micro jets. Evaluation was made on the degree how this devise give the correct recognition ratio, and it is confirmed that this method is effective for transmitting distance image and fulfillling the requirements of being small, light weight, and nontouching ones.4.Three dimensional range finder working at the video rate has been developed. The feature of the range finder is that the signal processing circuit has been realized, which can feed the distance signal simultaneously with the input of color video signals, enables the observations of a moving body, and realizes the high distance acquisition ratio more than 60% even to the colored objects and high accuracy of distance error lower than 0.018%. From these points it can be judged that this device is a practical one. Less