Studies on the fungal flara in the South Sea Islands

今年分别在新西兰、新喀里多尼亚和塔斯马尼亚进行了考察。在新西兰，在1993年准备的试验田中检查了氨真菌的真菌演替。这些都是动物尸体掩埋样地和尿素处理样地。这些样地检测到的真菌区系与北半球包括日本在内的阔叶林相似。因此，推测氮循环真菌可能属于与北半球相似或相近的物种。精确的分类学研究正在进行中。在新喀里多尼亚，调查了与真菌区系密切相关的植被。因为这个岛上的植物群还没有被完全分析过。从我们今年的考察中，获得了一些新的证据。洪堡山和潘尼山被认为是有希望进行下次考察的地区。在塔斯马尼亚，我们的考察重点是野桉森林。Aseroa sp., Pleurotus sp.和Armillariella sp.是该地区新发现的代表性蘑菇，但在日本岛屿上很常见。还发现和收集了一些可能是科学上的新发现的金刚伞菌和毒杆菌。收集到的灵芝和异白霉属植物为日本真菌区系的分类研究提供了有用的资料。我们还分离到了一些有用的纯培养菌源：具有较强荧光性的黑状孔菌（Omphalotus nidiformis）和一些葡萄球菌（Aphylophorales）包括Schyzophyllum和Tyromyces pulcherrimus。这些培养物将成为开发新的药用和食用用途的有用材料。收集了分布在该地区的Nothofagus物种，并进行了DNA分析，考虑了Nothofagus与cyttaria的共同进化。所有收集和隔离的材料都是在相应部门及其当局的正式许可下带到日本的。

Expedition was done in New Zealand, New Caledonia, and Tasmania respectively in this year.1. In New Zealand, fungal succession of ammonia fungi was examined in the experimental plots prepared in 1993. These are animal corpse burried plots and urea treated plots in Nothofagus forest. The fungal flora detected in these plots was similar to that of broad-leaved forest in the Northern Hemisphere including Japan. Therefore, it is supposed that the nitrogen recycling fungi are probably belonging to similar or allied species as in the Northern Hemisphere. Precise taxonomical stidies are now in progressing.2. In New Caledonia, vegetation which is closely associated with fungal flora was surveyed. Because flora of this island has not been fully analyzed. From our expedition in this year, some new evidences were obtained. Mt.Humboldt and Mt.Panie have been considered to be promissible area for next expedition.3. In Tasmania, our expedition was focused on the Nothofagus-Eucalyptus forest. Aseroa sp., Pleurotus sp., and Armillariella spp.were representative mushrooms found as new to this area but common to Japanese islnads. Some Amanita and Boletus spp., probably new to science were also detected and collected. Ganoderma and Heterobasidion spp.collected were useful materials for taxonomical studies of Japanese fungal flora.4. We have also isolated some useful myco-gene sources as pure culture : Omphalotus nidiformis which has strong fluorescence and some Aphylophorales species including Schyzophyllum and Tyromyces pulcherrimus. These cultures would be useful materials for development of new medicinal and edible usage.5. Nothofagus speceis distributed in these area were collected and DNA analyzes were made for consideration of Nothofagus-Cyttaria co-evolution.All collected and isolated materials were brought to Japan under the official permission of counter-parts and their Authorities.