Studies on the fungal flara in the South Sea Islands

今年分别在新西兰、新喀里多尼亚和塔斯马尼亚进行了考察。在新西兰，在1993年准备的实验地块中，对氨真菌的真菌演替进行了研究。这些是假山毛榉林中动物尸体掩埋样地和尿素处理样地。在这些样地中检测到的真菌植物群与包括日本在内的北方半球的阔叶林相似。因此，推测氮循环真菌可能属于与北方相似或近似的物种。精确的分类学研究正在进行中。在新喀里多尼亚，调查了与真菌植物群密切相关的植被。因为这个岛的植物群还没有被充分分析。在今年的考察中，我们获得了一些新的证据。洪堡山和帕尼山被认为是下一次考察的有希望的地区。在塔斯马尼亚，我们的探险集中在假山毛榉-桉树森林。Aseroa sp.，Plephalus sp.，和蜜环菌属（Armillariella spp.）是该地区新发现的代表性蘑菇，但在日本岛屿上常见。一些鹅膏菌属和牛肝菌属，可能是新的科学也发现和收集。所采集的灵芝和异担子菌是日本真菌区系分类研究的有用材料。我们还分离了一些有用的真菌基因源作为纯培养物：具有强荧光的Omptus nidiformis和一些Aesthophorales物种，包括Schyzophyllum和Tyromyces pulcherrimus。这些培养物将是开发新的药用和食用用途的有用材料。本研究收集了分布于该地区的假山毛榉（Nothofagusspeceis），并对其进行了DNA分析，以探讨假山毛榉与红细胞藻属（Cyttaria）的共同进化。

Expedition was done in New Zealand, New Caledonia, and Tasmania respectively in this year.1. In New Zealand, fungal succession of ammonia fungi was examined in the experimental plots prepared in 1993. These are animal corpse burried plots and urea treated plots in Nothofagus forest. The fungal flora detected in these plots was similar to that of broad-leaved forest in the Northern Hemisphere including Japan. Therefore, it is supposed that the nitrogen recycling fungi are probably belonging to similar or allied species as in the Northern Hemisphere. Precise taxonomical stidies are now in progressing.2. In New Caledonia, vegetation which is closely associated with fungal flora was surveyed. Because flora of this island has not been fully analyzed. From our expedition in this year, some new evidences were obtained. Mt.Humboldt and Mt.Panie have been considered to be promissible area for next expedition.3. In Tasmania, our expedition was focused on the Nothofagus-Eucalyptus forest. Aseroa sp., Pleurotus sp., and Armillariella spp.were representative mushrooms found as new to this area but common to Japanese islnads. Some Amanita and Boletus spp., probably new to science were also detected and collected. Ganoderma and Heterobasidion spp.collected were useful materials for taxonomical studies of Japanese fungal flora.4. We have also isolated some useful myco-gene sources as pure culture : Omphalotus nidiformis which has strong fluorescence and some Aphylophorales species including Schyzophyllum and Tyromyces pulcherrimus. These cultures would be useful materials for development of new medicinal and edible usage.5. Nothofagus speceis distributed in these area were collected and DNA analyzes were made for consideration of Nothofagus-Cyttaria co-evolution.All collected and isolated materials were brought to Japan under the official permission of counter-parts and their Authorities.