Studies on the fungal flara in the South Sea Islands

今年，考察队分别在新西兰、新喀里多尼亚和塔斯马尼亚进行了考察。在新西兰，在1993年准备的试验田中对氨真菌的真菌演替进行了研究。这些是Nothofagus森林中的动物身体埋葬地和尿素处理的地块。在这些地块中检测到的真菌区系与包括日本在内的北半球阔叶林相似。因此，推测氮素循环真菌可能与北半球属于相似或相近的物种。精确的分类学研究正在进行中。在新喀里多尼亚，调查了与真菌区系密切相关的植被。因为这个岛的植物区系还没有得到充分的分析。从今年的考察中，我们获得了一些新的证据。洪堡山和潘尼山被认为是下一次探险的好去处。在塔斯马尼亚，我们的探险重点是诺索法格斯-桉树森林。Aseroa sp.、Pleurotus sp.和Armilariella spp是该地区新发现的具有代表性的蘑菇，但在日本岛类中常见。还发现和采集了一些可能是科学上新发现的鹅膏菌和牛肝菌。收集到的灵芝和异尖线虫为日本真菌区系分类研究提供了有用的材料。我们还分离出了一些有用的真菌基因源作为纯培养物：具有强烈荧光的尼氏沼虾，以及一些无枝菌目的物种，包括裂殖酵母和酪霉菌。这些培养物将为开发新的药用和食用用途提供有用的材料。采集了分布在这些地区的Nothofagus speceis，并进行了DNA分析，以考虑Nothofagus-Cyttaria的共同进化。所有收集和分离的材料都是在对口部门及其当局的官方许可下带到日本的。

Expedition was done in New Zealand, New Caledonia, and Tasmania respectively in this year.1. In New Zealand, fungal succession of ammonia fungi was examined in the experimental plots prepared in 1993. These are animal corpse burried plots and urea treated plots in Nothofagus forest. The fungal flora detected in these plots was similar to that of broad-leaved forest in the Northern Hemisphere including Japan. Therefore, it is supposed that the nitrogen recycling fungi are probably belonging to similar or allied species as in the Northern Hemisphere. Precise taxonomical stidies are now in progressing.2. In New Caledonia, vegetation which is closely associated with fungal flora was surveyed. Because flora of this island has not been fully analyzed. From our expedition in this year, some new evidences were obtained. Mt.Humboldt and Mt.Panie have been considered to be promissible area for next expedition.3. In Tasmania, our expedition was focused on the Nothofagus-Eucalyptus forest. Aseroa sp., Pleurotus sp., and Armillariella spp.were representative mushrooms found as new to this area but common to Japanese islnads. Some Amanita and Boletus spp., probably new to science were also detected and collected. Ganoderma and Heterobasidion spp.collected were useful materials for taxonomical studies of Japanese fungal flora.4. We have also isolated some useful myco-gene sources as pure culture : Omphalotus nidiformis which has strong fluorescence and some Aphylophorales species including Schyzophyllum and Tyromyces pulcherrimus. These cultures would be useful materials for development of new medicinal and edible usage.5. Nothofagus speceis distributed in these area were collected and DNA analyzes were made for consideration of Nothofagus-Cyttaria co-evolution.All collected and isolated materials were brought to Japan under the official permission of counter-parts and their Authorities.