Experimental Studies on Marine Green House Effect Gases

它一直对测定海洋环境中的甲烷和一氧化二氮以及二氧化碳感兴趣，因为这些气体对全球大气变暖有广泛的影响。因此，人们进行了许多尝试，以弄清楚这些气体在海洋环境中的产生和命运，但这些过程迄今为止仍然模糊不清。这项工作的目的有三个方面，首先是确定浮游植物生长过程中温室效应气体的产生，其次是确定直接参与这些温室效应气体产生的生物物种，第三是确定浮游植物生长过程中产生了多少溶解有机物质，因为溶解有机物质与二氧化碳在表层和地下水中的循环密切相关。为了实现这项工作的目的，1994年7 - 8月在加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚省萨尼奇湾帕特里夏湾进行了中生态实验。我们得到了以下结果。1)浮游植物生长过程中白天有明显的二甲硫化物产生，而中生态海水中甲烷和氧化亚氮浓度变化不大。因此，得出以下结论。浮游植物产生的二甲基硫化物与浮游植物的光合作用密切相关，而甲烷和一氧化二氮的产生与浮游植物不同。2)植物色素高效液相色谱分析表明，二甲基硫化物主要由鞭毛藻和原生藻产生，硅藻不产生。3)浮游植物产生大量由脂质、游离氨基酸和结合氨基酸组成的溶解性有机物，容易被海洋微生物降解为二氧化碳。这些事实表明，浮游植物通过固定二氧化碳和散发有机物，在表层和地下水的碳循环中起着重要作用。

It has been interested in determining methane and nitrous oxide as well as carbon dioxide in the marine environment because these gases give extensive effect on the warming of global atmosphere. Therefore many attempts have been made to make clear the production and fate of these gases in the marine environments, however these processes are still obscure so far.Aims of this work is three fold, primarily to determine production of these green house effect gases during the phytoplankton growth, secondly to determine biological species directly participating the production of these green house effect gases and thirdly to determine how much dissolved organic materials are produced during the phytoplankton growth, because dissolved organic materials are deeply concerned to carbon dioxide cycle in the surface and subsurface waters.To achieve the aims of this work, mesocosm experiment was conducted in the Patricia Bay, Saanich Inlet, B.C., Canada in July to August, 1994. We obtained following results.1) Dimethlsulfide was markedly produced in daytime during the phytoplankton growth, while methane and nitrous oxide concentration in the sea water of the mesocosm were not much changed. Therefore, following conclusion was reached. Phytoplankton produces dimethylsulfide with closed relation with phytoplankton photosynthesis, while methane and nitrous oxide are produced by another processes than phytoplankton.2) Plant pigment analysis by high performance liquid chromatography indicated that dimethylsulfide was mainly produced by dinoflagellate and primnesiophyte but not diatom.3) Phytoplankton produced large amount of dissolved organic materials consisting of lipid and free and combined amino acids, which were easily degraded by marine microbes to carbon dioxide. These facts are indicating that phytoplankton plays an important role on the carbon cycle in the surface and subsurface waters through carbon dioxide fixation and exudation of organic materials.