Joint Research on the Chemistry of Stratospheric Ozone Loss

平流层臭氧的长期减少在中纬度45^o附近最为显著，在高纬度地区甚至更大。这一下降的原因被认为是由活性氯物种的催化循环引起的，活性氯物种是通过分解氟氯化碳产生的。然而，观察到的臭氧减少不能仅用气相化学来解释。在PSCS和硫酸气溶胶上发生的不同过程很可能发挥着重要作用。然而，对大气中的非均匀过程的直接观测仍然是有限的。我们在法国44oN的CNES气球发射中心进行了气球上的痕量物种测量。用于测量NO、HNO_3、NO_y、O_3和气溶胶的仪器于1994年1月从日本运往法国。地圈化学与动力学研究所的科学家们研制了用于测量稳定氯、N_2O、CH_4和H_2O的仪器。这些仪器我们…更多的Re被整合到2月份发射的吊船上，测量了这些物种从10到32公里的轮廓。气溶胶浓度远高于20公里以下的背景值。气球飞行后，我们的NO、NOY和气溶胶仪器在德国的低压和温度下进行了校准。这些实验室数据在目前正在进行的数据简化中非常重要。成功地回收了气球上采集的空气样本，目前德国正在进行非常精确的分析。在气球实验期间，我们在基律纳(68^on)和莫什里(44^on)连续测量了平流层NO2和O_3。这些数据将用于气球数据的解释。气球实验后，结合示踪气体对过去获得的NO和NO_y数据进行了分析。发现平流层下部N_2O和NO_y之间有很好的线性关系。这一关系对研究活性氮的预算和分配是有用的。没有数据与在欧洲获得的激光雷达数据进行比较。一般情况下，当火山喷发导致气溶胶增强时，NO值较低，这表明非均相反应对硫酸气溶胶的影响。较少

Long-term decrease in the stratospheric ozone is prominent at mid-latitude around 45^o and is even larger at higher latitudes. The cause of this decrease is considered to be caused by the catalytic cycles by active chlorine species, which is produced through decomposition of CFCs. However, the observed decrease in ozone can not be explained by only gas phase chemistry. It is likely that heterogeneous processes occurring on the PSCs and sulfuric acid aerosols are playing important roles. However, direct observations of the heterogeneous processes in the atmosphere are still limited.We made balloon borne measurements of trace species from the CNES balloon launching center located at 44oN in France. Instruments to measure NO, HNO_3, NO_y, O_3, and aerosol were transported from Japan to France in January 1994. Instruments to measure stable chlorine species, N_2O, CH_4 and H_2O were prepared by the scientists of the Institute for Chemistry and Dynamics of the Geosphere. These instruments we … More re integrated into a gondola, which was launched in February and the profiles of these species from 10 to 32 km were measured. Aerosol concentration was found to be much higher than the background values below 20 km. After the balloon flight our NO, NO_y, and aerosol instruments were calibrated under low pressure and temperatures in Germany. These laboratory data are very important in the data reduction currently going on. Air samples collected on board the balloon were recovered successfully and are currently analyzed very precisely in Germany.During the period of the balloon experiment, we have made continuous measurements of stratospheric NO_2 and O_3 in Kiruna (68^oN) and Moshiri (44^oN). These data will be used in interpreting the balloon data.After the balloon experiment, NO and NO_y data obtained in the past were analyzed in conjunction with the tracer gases. A good liear relation between N_2O and NO_y in the lower stratosphere has been found. This relation will be useful for studies in the budget and partitioning of the reactive nitrogen. NO data are compared with lidar data obtained in Europe. Generally, NO values are lower when aerosols are enhanced due to volcanic eruptions, suggesting the effect of heterogeneous reaction on sulfuric acid aerosols. Less