Chemistry of Stratospheric Ozone in the Arctic

1994年10月12日，在法国阿杜尔岛（44 N,0 W）发射的气球上测量了总活性氮（NO_y）、氧化亚氮（N_2O）和臭氧（O_3）。在15 ~ 32 km高度，NO _y与N _2O和CH_4呈高度负相关。在29 km处，N _2O和ch_4混合比大于典型中纬度值，与线性相关关系略有偏离，表明热带气团在一个有限海拔区域向中纬度北部水平输送。1995年2月11日，在基鲁纳（68 N,21 E）同时进行了NO _y和N _2O的气球测量。1994年12月中旬至1995年2月中旬，465 K的最低温度接近II型PSCs的形成阈值。推导了中纬度NO_y - n_2o关系所期望的NO_y混合比。将这些值与观测值进行比较。实测NO _y混合比远低于19 km附近的计算值，表明反硝化作用强。1995年2月11日观测到的NO/NO _y比值远高于化学轨迹模型计算的值。我们需要了解这种差异的原因。介绍了一种用于基律纳观测的新型傅里叶变换光谱仪（FTS）。该仪器于1996年1月在德国与FZK集团合作进行了测试。1996年3月，FTS被转移到基鲁纳进行HCl、HF、HNO3、ClONO2等的长期观测。自1995年7月以来，在日本北部也进行了类似的测量。这些数据集将使我们能够了解北极和中纬度地区的化学过程。

Total reactive nitrogen (NO_y), nitrous oxide (N_2O), and ozone (O_3) were measured on board a balloon launched from Aire sur 1' Adour (44ﾟN,0ﾟW), France on October 12,1994. Generally, NO _y was highly anti-correlated with N _2O and CH_4 at altitudes between 15 and 32 km. Slight departures from linear correlations occurred around 29 km, where N _2O and CH _4 mixing ratios were larger than typical midlatitude values, suggesting horizontal transport of tropical airmasses to northern midlatitudes in a confined altitude region.Simultaneous balloon-borne measurements of NO _y and N _2O were carried out from Kiruna (68ﾟN,21ﾟE) on February 11,1995. The minimum temperature at 465 K was near the type II PSCs formation thresholds from mid-December 1994 through mid-February 1995. NO_y mixing ratios which are expected from the NO _y-N_2O relationship obtained at mid-latitudes were derived. These values were compared with those observed. It has been found that the measured NO _y mixing ratios were much lower than those calculated around 19 km, suggesting strong denitrification.The NO/NO _y ratios observed on February 11,1995 is much higher than the values calculated from chemistry-trajectory models. We need to understand the cause of this discrepancy.A new Fourier Transform Spectrometer (FTS) was introduced for the observations in Kiruna. The instrument was tested in Germany in cooperation with the FZK group in January 1996. The FTS was transferred to Kiruna in March 1996 for long term observations of HCl, HF,HNO3, ClONO2, etc. Similar measurements have been made in northern Japan since July 1995. These data set will enable us to understand the chemical processes in the Arctic and midlatitudes.