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Functional Roles of the Top-Down Information Processing in Cognitive Processes

自上而下的信息处理在认知过程中的功能作用

基本信息

批准号：
05301011
负责人：
NIKI Hiroaki
金额：
$ 6.4万
依托单位：
University of Tokyo
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Co-operative Research (A)
财政年份：
1993
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1993 至 1994
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

In order to elucidate the functional roles of the top-down processing, we conducted a series of physiological and psychological experiments along with mathematical analyzes. Responses of retinal cells to light stimulus were recorded in carp slice preparation using the whole-cell patch-clamp technique. Such preparations are found to be useful for studying feedback mechanisms in retina. Neuronal correlates of selective attention were obtained from the experiments in which single unit activity and field potential were recorded in the monkey prefrontal cortex. From the cognitive studies, temporal characteristics of the selective attention induced by an abrupt change in the visual field were featured in terms of the decision of the direction of apparent motion. In the psychophysical experiment of motion aftereffect, it was found that a concurrent task which required selective attention did not reduce the duration of the motion aftereffect of complex motion, such as expansion, contraction and rotation, though it did reduce that of simple translation. Other problems investigated in the psychological experiments of our proiect were as follows : yellow-blue mechanism in human color vision, color perception for daily objects, pitch perception of absolute pitch possessors and bias in probability judgment by humans. In the theoretical approach to the foundations of the mechanisms of human information processing, mathematical models were formulated and analyzed ; a new learning method was proposed in the analysis of neural network models, a computation model was formulated for human slit vision and a computation theory was proposed on the basis of the analysis of the relationship between feature detection and computational complexity.

为了阐明自上而下处理的功能作用，我们进行了一系列生理和心理实验以及数学分析。使用全细胞膜片钳技术在鲤鱼切片制备中记录视网膜细胞对光刺激的反应。发现此类制剂可用于研究视网膜的反馈机制。选择性注意的神经元相关性是从在猴子前额皮质中记录单个单元活动和场电位的实验中获得的。从认知研究来看，视野突变引起的选择性注意的时间特征表现为视运动方向的决定。在运动后效应的心理物理实验中，发现需要选择性注意的并发任务并没有减少复杂运动（例如膨胀、收缩和旋转）的运动后效应的持续时间，尽管它确实减少了简单平移的运动后效应的持续时间。我们项目的心理实验研究的其他问题包括：人类色觉中的黄蓝色机制、日常物体的颜色感知、绝对音高拥有者的音高感知以及人类概率判断的偏差。在人类信息处理机制基础的理论方法中，制定并分析了数学模型；在分析神经网络模型时提出了一种新的学习方法，建立了人类狭缝视觉的计算模型，并在分析特征检测与计算复杂度之间的关系的基础上提出了计算理论。