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Fundamental Studies on Ecological Characteristics and Environmental Management of Coastal Ecotones

滨海交错带生态特征及环境管理基础研究

基本信息

批准号：
05304052
负责人：
ARUGA Yusho
金额：
$ 3.84万
依托单位：
Tokyo University of Fisheries
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Co-operative Research (A)
财政年份：
1993
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1993 至 1995
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

(1) The carbon isotope ratio (delta^<13>C) in particulate organic matter (POM) at the Tamagawa River estuary ranged from -30* o -17*. The wide range of delta^<13>C is interpreted by mixing of land-derived organics with phytoplankton. Lower photosynthetic activity of surface phytoplankton in summer in Tokyo Bay was suggested to be due to sudden change of dissolved inorganic nitrogen composition and nitrogen deficiency relative to phosphate and silicate.(2) In eutrophic shallow Lake Kasumigaura, the accumulation of large amount of nitrate in lake water, which has been observed during October to March since 1977, did not occur in 1994-1995, though there were no significant changes in lake environment except the transition of Microcystis bloom to Oscillatoria from 1991.(3) In northern and southern basins of Lake Biwa, dynamics of plankton communities were greatly affected by nitrogen cycling through microbial food webs and wind-induced sporadic supply of phosphorus from deeper layrs.(4) Sa … More go palms growing on the lowland along southeast Asian coastal areas accumulate starch in their tunks. It takes 10-13 years on tropical peat soils and 8-10 years on alluvial soils until maturing. The preliminary input and output budget study showed that copper tended to accumulate while zinc to be lost from peat soils under sago palm cultivat ion. Field experiments from 1983 to 1994 suggested that the underlaying of lime gravels 20 cm below the ground was significantly and sustainably effective in improving surface soil acidity and in increasing lowland rice and upland maize yields.(5) The concept of mitigation was shown to include the creation of favorable environment as well as the wise and proper use and management of various resources in addition to the environmental conservation and restoration. The major consideration in determining what is proper is the capability for use as determined by inherent nature of each ecological system. The process of striking is a balance between improving well-being of people and causing undesirable environmental change. To enhance rational environmental management, a new micro-accounting framework called "environmental resource management accounting" was proposed and its use was illustrated in terms of numerical simulations. Less

(1)多摩川河口颗粒有机质（POM）碳同位素比值（δ ^<13>C）在-30* ~ -17*之间。三角洲^<13>C的宽范围可以通过陆源有机物与浮游植物的混合来解释。东京湾夏季表层浮游植物光合活性较低的原因可能是水体中溶解无机氮成分的突然变化和相对于磷酸盐和硅酸盐的氮缺乏。(2)富营养化淡水湖水体中硝酸盐的大量积累，自1977年以来在10月至3月出现，1994-1995年没有发生，但1991年开始微囊藻华向振荡藻过渡。(3)琵琶湖北部和南部盆地浮游生物群落动态受微生物食物网氮循环和风致深层零星磷供应的影响较大。许多生长在东南亚沿海低地的棕树在树干中积累淀粉。热带泥炭土需要10-13年，冲积土需要8-10年。初步的投入产出预算研究表明，在西米棕榈种植下，泥炭土壤中铜倾向于积累，锌倾向于损失。1983 ~ 1994年的田间试验表明，在地下20 cm处铺设石灰砾石对改善表层土壤酸度、提高低地水稻和旱地玉米产量具有显著和可持续的效果。(5)除环境保护和恢复外，减缓的概念还包括创造有利的环境，以及明智和适当地使用和管理各种资源。决定什么是适当的主要考虑是由每个生态系统的固有性质所决定的使用能力。罢工的过程是在改善人民福祉和造成不受欢迎的环境变化之间取得平衡。为了加强合理的环境管理，提出了一种新的微观会计框架“环境资源管理会计”，并通过数值模拟说明了它的应用。少