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Effects of Human Impact on the Wetland Ecosystem

人类影响对湿地生态系统的影响

基本信息

批准号：
02306002
负责人：
ARUGA Yusho
金额：
--
依托单位：
Tokyo University of Fisheries
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Co-operative Research (A)
财政年份：
1990
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1990 至 1992
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

(1) Vegetation distribution maps were prepared around the middle course of River Tamagawa. It was shown that man's influence caused simplification of the floristic composition of plant community and reduced the number of plant communities. The input of COD, N and P into Tokyo Bay in 1989 was estimated to be 300,320 and 26 tons/day, respectively, only 3.8% of which were contributed from River Tamagawa. Denitrification activity at tidal flat of the River Tamagawa estuary was estimated to be 178 mumol/m^2/h in December 1991. LAS were removed completely in summer and about 80% in winter mainly by microbial activities in the River Tamagawa estuary. Organic carbon production and organic nitrogen production by phytoplankton off the River Tamagawa estuary in Tokyo Bay Were estimated to be 1,880 gC/m^2/yr and 281 gN/m^2/yr,respectively. (2) Distributions of the Phragmites community and standing stock and species composition of algae attached to Phragmites were investigated in Lake Kasumigaura. … More In most part of the lake, Phragmites community has been heavily affected and destroyed by shore-protection works. It was found that variations of nitrate and nitrite concentrations in lake water were big in the Phragmites zone but small in the Nymphoides zone, and variations of nitrous oxide concentration in the littoral zone seemed to be coupled with those of nitrate and nitrite concentrations. (3) A study was carried out to clarify the interaction between sulfate reduction and methane formation in brackish water wetland and to identify the sources and mechanisms responsible for the emission of methane into atmosphere. The results showed that the predominance of sulfate reducing reaction may suppress methane formation in brackish water wetland. Lake sediments of Songkhla Lake were surveyed and examined for their possible use to land restoration. It was clarified that the efficient desalinization of heavy clayey deposits is needed, and after desalinization they are dried and can be applied for land as soil dressing materials in degraded areas. Less

(1)制作了多摩川河中游周围的植被分布图。结果表明，人类活动的影响使植物群落的区系组成简单化，减少了植物群落的数量。1989年输入东京湾的COD、N和P分别为300、320和26吨/日，其中只有3.8%来自玉川。据估计，1991年12月，玉川河口潮滩的反硝化活性为178 mumol/m^2/h。LAS在夏季被完全去除，在冬季约80%，主要是通过微生物的活动在玉川河口。东京湾玉川河口浮游植物产生的有机碳和有机氮分别为1，880 gC/m^2/yr和281 gN/m^2/yr。(2)调查了霞浦湖芦苇群落的分布、现存量和附着藻类的种类组成。 ...更多信息在大部分的湖泊，芦苇群落已受到严重影响和破坏的护岸工程。结果表明，湖泊水体中硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐浓度在芦苇带变化较大，而在菜带变化较小，而沿岸的带N2O浓度的变化与硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐浓度的变化有耦合关系。(3)研究了微咸水湿地硫酸盐还原与甲烷生成的相互作用，探讨了微咸水湿地甲烷排放的来源和机制。结果表明，微咸水湿地中硫酸盐还原反应的优势可能抑制甲烷的生成。对宋卡湖的湖泊沉积物进行了调查和研究，探讨其可能用于土地恢复。明确了需要对重粘土沉积物进行有效的脱盐，脱盐后将其干燥，并可作为退化地区的土壤敷料应用于土地。少