Intra-species Variation and Inter-species Comparison of Habitat Use in African Great Apes.

在加蓬的热带雨林和坦桑尼亚的热带草原林地进行了生态调查。这些研究领域包括黑猩猩的两极栖息地（干燥到潮湿，丰富到贫穷的食物供应）。都是非洲类人猿黑猩猩和大猩猩共栖于加蓬的森林中。根据样线法植被调查和啮齿动物的分布情况，对各研究区的生态环境进行了评价。共采集植物标本400份，啮齿动物标本200份。根据床数普查，计算出种群密度。通过对加蓬热带雨林黑猩猩粪便、食物痕迹和行为的分析，研究了黑猩猩的种内差异和黑猩猩与大猩猩的种间差异，结果表明，加蓬热带雨林黑猩猩和大猩猩都依赖于海岸森林的果实和树叶。黑猩猩和大猩猩有超过80%的共同食物。黑猩猩的种群密度 关于我们 大猩猩为0.32只/km_2。在坦桑尼亚的稀树草原林地，由于食物供应极其匮乏，黑猩猩的种群密度低于0.15。该地区的黑猩猩不仅吃河岸森林的水果，而且还吃稀树草原林地的水果和草药。基于焦点动物抽样法，绘制了黑猩猩幼仔游戏行为谱，以反映两个研究区域内黑猩猩行为的种内差异。研究表明，同栖黑猩猩和大猩猩在食物方面具有共同特征。另一方面，不同环境栖息地的黑猩猩在食物、种群密度和行为方面表现出广泛的种内差异。然而，它仍然是不确定的和有趣的是，什么因素推断黑猩猩和大猩猩之间的差异。需要进一步的研究来了解这些类人猿的生态和行为学方面。少

Ecological surveys were conducted in the tropical rain forest, Gabon, and in the savanna woodland, Tanzania. Those study areas include the two poles habitats of Chimpanzees (dry to wet, and abundant to poor food supply). both African great apes : Chimpanzee and Gorilla, sympatorically inhabit the forest in Gabon Ecological environment of each study area was estimated, on the basis of vegetation survey using linetransect method, and the distribution of rodents. The total of 400 plant specimen and 200 samples of rodents were collected and identified. Based on bed census, population densities were, calculated. Data on feces, food traces and behaviors were obtained, to consider intra-species variation of Chimpanzees and inter-species difference between Chimpanzees and Gorillas.The results show that the both apes in the tropical rain forest, Gabon, depend on fruits and leaves in the coast-line forest. Chimpanzees and Gorillas have more than 80% common food items. Population density of Chimp … More anzees was 0.57 individuals/km_2, and that of Gorillas was 0.32. In the savanna woodland, Tanzania, population density of Chimpanzee was less than 0.15, because of extremely poor food supply. Chimpanzees in this area did not eat only fruits in the river-line forest, but fruits and herb in the savanna woodland.Ethological survey was also conducted in Karinzu and Kibale forests, Uganda. An ethogram of play behaviors among infant Chimpanzees was made, based on focal animal sampling method, to consider intra-species variation of Chimpanzees' behavior in that two study areas.Those studies indicate that, sympatoric Chimpanzees and Gorillas had common features in food items. On the other hand, Chimpanzees in different environmental habitats, showed wide intra-species variation in food items, population densities, and behaviors. However, it remains uncertain and interesting what factors inference the difference between Chimpanzees and Gorillas. Further studies are needed to understand ecological and ethological aspect of these great apes. Less