Intra-species Variation and Inter-species Comparison of Habitat Use in African Great Apes.

在加蓬的热带雨林和坦桑尼亚的稀树草原林地进行了生态调查。这些研究区域包括黑猩猩的两极栖息地（干燥到潮湿，食物供应丰富到贫乏）。在样线法植被调查和啮齿动物分布的基础上，对加蓬各研究区的生态环境进行了估算。共采集鉴定植物标本400份，鼠类标本200份。根据床普查，计算人口密度。收集了黑猩猩的粪便、食物痕迹和行为数据，以考虑黑猩猩的种内变异以及黑猩猩和大猩猩之间的种间差异。结果表明，这两种类人猿生活在加蓬热带雨林，以沿海森林的水果和树叶为食。黑猩猩和大猩猩拥有超过80%的常见食物。黑猩猩种群密度为0.57只/ km2，大猩猩种群密度为0.32只/ km2。在坦桑尼亚的热带稀树草原林地，由于食物供应极其匮乏，黑猩猩的种群密度小于0.15。这个地区的黑猩猩不仅吃河边森林里的水果，还吃稀树草原林地里的水果和草本植物。还在乌干达的Karinzu和Kibale森林进行了动物行为学调查。基于焦点动物抽样的方法，绘制了幼年黑猩猩的游戏行为谱，以考虑这两个研究区域黑猩猩行为的种内差异。这些研究表明，具有同情心的黑猩猩和大猩猩在食物方面有共同的特征。另一方面，不同环境栖息地的黑猩猩在食物、种群密度和行为上表现出广泛的物种内差异。然而，是什么因素导致了黑猩猩和大猩猩之间的差异，这仍然是不确定和有趣的。需要进一步的研究来了解这些类人猿的生态学和行为学方面的情况。少

Ecological surveys were conducted in the tropical rain forest, Gabon, and in the savanna woodland, Tanzania. Those study areas include the two poles habitats of Chimpanzees (dry to wet, and abundant to poor food supply). both African great apes : Chimpanzee and Gorilla, sympatorically inhabit the forest in Gabon Ecological environment of each study area was estimated, on the basis of vegetation survey using linetransect method, and the distribution of rodents. The total of 400 plant specimen and 200 samples of rodents were collected and identified. Based on bed census, population densities were, calculated. Data on feces, food traces and behaviors were obtained, to consider intra-species variation of Chimpanzees and inter-species difference between Chimpanzees and Gorillas.The results show that the both apes in the tropical rain forest, Gabon, depend on fruits and leaves in the coast-line forest. Chimpanzees and Gorillas have more than 80% common food items. Population density of Chimp … More anzees was 0.57 individuals/km_2, and that of Gorillas was 0.32. In the savanna woodland, Tanzania, population density of Chimpanzee was less than 0.15, because of extremely poor food supply. Chimpanzees in this area did not eat only fruits in the river-line forest, but fruits and herb in the savanna woodland.Ethological survey was also conducted in Karinzu and Kibale forests, Uganda. An ethogram of play behaviors among infant Chimpanzees was made, based on focal animal sampling method, to consider intra-species variation of Chimpanzees' behavior in that two study areas.Those studies indicate that, sympatoric Chimpanzees and Gorillas had common features in food items. On the other hand, Chimpanzees in different environmental habitats, showed wide intra-species variation in food items, population densities, and behaviors. However, it remains uncertain and interesting what factors inference the difference between Chimpanzees and Gorillas. Further studies are needed to understand ecological and ethological aspect of these great apes. Less