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Basic Study on Transmutation Method of Long-Iived Radioactive Waste

长寿命放射性废物嬗变方法的基础研究

基本信息

批准号：
06302081
负责人：
KIMURA Itsuro
金额：
$ 10.18万
依托单位：
KYOTO UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
财政年份：
1994
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1994 至 1996
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

In order to drastically decrease a risk of radioactivity in long future, we have investigated several methods of nuclear transmutation of long-lived nuclides in high level radwastes from nuclear fuel cycle and obtained many important data as follows :(1) Novel methods of the transmutation have been searched, however the use of neutrons is shown to be superior to other particles and photons for this purpose at present.(2) Conceming fission physics, multi-mode analysis and prompt neutron analysis have been actively carried out. Fission cross sections for three americium isotopes (Am-241,242m and 243) from thermal to several tens keV have been measured using a lead spectrometer.(3) Experimental works on spallation physics have been perfomed by making use of GeV proton beams at KEK,and the result has been analyzed. Furthermore, we have taken a large number of nuclear data in several tens and hundreds MeV.(4) Several transmutation systems have been proposed, and their characteristics have been investigated. An experiment of the fission ratio of Np-237 to U-235 in a core of Kyoto University Critical Assemblies, KUCA,has been done.(5) Feasiblity study of high temperature chemical separation for partitioning of radioactive elements has been experimentally performed.(6) Metallic and hydride fuels of minor actinide elements for the transmutation have been investigated.(7) Assessment of the transmutation in the nuclear fuel cycle has been carried out, not only from the technical viewpoint, but also from the standpoints of economics and environmental ethics.

为了大幅度降低核燃料循环高放废物中长寿命核素的放射性风险，我们研究了几种核嬗变方法，获得了以下重要数据：（1）探索了新的嬗变方法，但目前中子嬗变方法比其它粒子和光子具有上级优势。(2)在裂变物理方面，多模式分析和瞬发中子分析也在积极开展。用铅谱仪测量了三种镅同位素（Am-241，242 m和243）从热到几十keV的裂变截面。(3)利用KEK的GeV质子束进行了空间物理实验，并对实验结果进行了分析。此外，我们已经采取了大量的核数据在几十和几百兆电子伏。(4)已经提出了几种嬗变系统，并研究了它们的特性。在京都大学临界装置（KUCA）堆芯中进行了Np-237与U-235裂变比的实验。(5)对高温化学分离法分离放射性元素的可行性进行了实验研究。(6)研究了用于嬗变的少量锕系元素的金属和氢化物燃料。(7)不仅从技术角度，而且从经济学和环境伦理学的角度对核燃料循环中的嬗变进行了评估。