Basic Study on Transmutation Method of Long-Iived Radioactive Waste

长寿命放射性废物嬗变方法的基础研究

• 批准号: 06302081
• 负责人: KIMURA Itsuro
• 金额: $ 10.18万
• 依托单位: KYOTO UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
• 财政年份: 1994
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1994 至 1996
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-06302081/
• 关键词: Nuclear Waste; Radwaste; Transuranium Elements; Fission Products; Incineration; Nuclear Transmutation; Partitioning; Nuclear Fuel Cvcle; 超ウラン核種; 燃料サイクル; 核分裂; 核破砕; アクチニド

In order to drastically decrease a risk of radioactivity in long future, we have investigated several methods of nuclear transmutation of long-lived nuclides in high level radwastes from nuclear fuel cycle and obtained many important data as follows :(1) Novel methods of the transmutation have been searched, however the use of neutrons is shown to be superior to other particles and photons for this purpose at present.(2) Conceming fission physics, multi-mode analysis and prompt neutron analysis have been actively carried out. Fission cross sections for three americium isotopes (Am-241,242m and 243) from thermal to several tens keV have been measured using a lead spectrometer.(3) Experimental works on spallation physics have been perfomed by making use of GeV proton beams at KEK,and the result has been analyzed. Furthermore, we have taken a large number of nuclear data in several tens and hundreds MeV.(4) Several transmutation systems have been proposed, and their characteristics have been investigated. An experiment of the fission ratio of Np-237 to U-235 in a core of Kyoto University Critical Assemblies, KUCA,has been done.(5) Feasiblity study of high temperature chemical separation for partitioning of radioactive elements has been experimentally performed.(6) Metallic and hydride fuels of minor actinide elements for the transmutation have been investigated.(7) Assessment of the transmutation in the nuclear fuel cycle has been carried out, not only from the technical viewpoint, but also from the standpoints of economics and environmental ethics.

为了在未来很长一段时间内大幅度降低放射性风险，我们研究了核燃料循环产生的高放废物中长寿命核素的几种核转化方法，获得了许多重要的数据：(1)寻找了新的核转化方法，但目前利用中子的方法优于其他粒子和光子。(2)结合裂变物理，多模分析和瞬发中子分析已经积极开展。用铅谱仪测量了Am-241、242M和243三个Am同位素从热到几十keV的裂变截面。(3)利用KEK的GeV质子束进行了层裂物理实验，并对实验结果进行了分析。此外，我们还获得了几十MeV和数百MeV的大量核数据。(4)提出了几种形变系统，并研究了它们的特性。(5)对高温化学分离分离放射性元素的可行性进行了实验研究。(6)研究了金属和氢化物燃料对放射性元素的裂变作用。(7)不仅从技术角度，而且从经济和环境伦理学的角度对核燃料循环中的裂变进行了评估。

项目成果

T. Morikawa: "Coulomb Excitation of ^<174>Hf K-Isomer-γ-Ray Spectroscopy with High-Spin Isomer Beam-" Physics Letters. B350. 169-172 (1995)

T. Morikawa：“利用高自旋异构体光束进行 ^<174>Hf K-异构体-γ 射线光谱的库仑激发”《物理快报》169-172 (1995)。

E. Ideguchi: "High-spin states in ^<148>Tb" Zeilschrift fiir Physik. A352. 363-364 (1995)

E. Ideguchi：“^<148>Tb 中的高自旋态”Zeilschrift fiir Physik。

M. Shibata: "Anomalous Q_<EC>-Values of T_Z=1 Nuclei, ^<80>Y, ^<84>Nb and ^<88>Tc" J. Physical Society of Japan. 65. 3172-3174 (1996)

M. Shibata：“异常 Q_<EC>-T_Z=1 原子核、^<80>Y、^<84>Nb 和 ^<88>Tc 值”J. 日本物理学会。

平川直弘: "高レベル廃棄物消滅処理の研究開発(原子炉を用いた消滅処理)" 日本原子力学会誌. 37. 163-167 (1995)

Naohiro Hirakawa：“高放废物湮灭处理的研究和开发（使用核反应堆的湮灭处理）”日本原​​子能学会杂志 37. 163-167（1995）。

K. Kobayashi: "Fission Cross Section Measurements of Am-241 and Am-243 Between 0.1 eV and 10 keV with Lead Slowing-Down Spectrometer" Proc. of the 9-th International Symp. Conf. in Reactor Dosimetry. 発表予定.

K. Kobayashi：“使用铅减速光谱仪测量 Am-241 和 Am-243 的裂变截面”，第 9 届国际反应堆剂量测定会议论文集。