Preparation of Alloproteins Endowed with Artificial Functions

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Proteins containing nonnatural amino acids at specific sites (alloproteins) were preparaed by the extension of gentic engineering technique. The alloproteins were endowed with artificial functions by the incorporation of nonnatural amino acids carrying specialty side groups. The results are summarized as follows.(1)Extension of Amino Acids : A variety of nonnatural amino acids carrying specialty side groups were newly synthesized and tested for the adaptability to in vitro E.Coli ribosomal system. Those that carry linear aromatic groups were found to be accepted by the ribosomal system. The results opened a way for the photo-and electro-functionalization of proteins.(2)Extension of Genetic Code : Codons that may be assigned to nonnatural amino acids were searched. Some 4-base codons, such as CGGG and AGGU were found to be effective for this purpose. The 4-base codons may be used for multiple incorporation of different nonnatural amino acids into single proteins(3)Use of Monoclonal Antibodies as the Controlling Factor of Alloproteins : Monoclonal antibodies aganinst nonnatural amino acids were prepared. Those were used to photo-and electro-contorl of alloproteins that carry azobenzene groups or anthraquinonyl groups.