The Current Status of Regional Standard Dialect in Kagoshima City and the Surrounding Area

这个项目的目的是为了清楚地了解鹿儿岛方言主要在鹿儿岛市市区使用的“地区标准变种”。为了实现这一目标，我们对鹿儿岛方言的新旧词汇、语法特征、语言态度和社会态度进行了三次调查。这项研究是在一个大城市(鹿儿岛市)和两个小城市(Makurazaki市和Miyakanojo市)进行的。研究鹿儿岛市城市方言的主要发现如下：(1)句尾助词‘kee’和‘ga’在年轻一代中的使用频率高于老一辈，尽管它们是古老的词项。(2)其他较老的词项‘wazze’、‘Naosu’和‘hawaku’在几代人中的使用频率是一样的。老年人和中年人将它们视为标准品种的物品，而年轻一代则毫不犹豫地使用它们，尽管他们知道它们是…更多的方言形式。(3)‘nakatta deshita’，‘desuyo/dayoo’和‘yasukude’这些新词汇现在正在年轻一代中流行。(4)鹿儿岛地区特有的语法形式，如‘ga Naran’，‘kaseta’和‘netta’，在年轻一代中不受欢迎。应该指出的是，年轻女性的语言非常标准化。将这些发现与Makurazaki和Miyakonojo的调查结果进行比较，可以清楚地看到以下几点：(5)在这两个地方，上面(3)中提到的词汇使用频率低于鹿儿岛市。然而，使用这些新方言的年轻一代人数的增加表明，这些诞生于鹿儿岛市的新方言有扩散的趋势。这一事实表明，年轻一代倾向于很快接受新的形式。(6)(4)中提到的语法特征仍然很受欢迎，甚至在年轻的说话者中也是如此。(7)宫城县受鹿儿岛市方言的影响比Makurazaki小。然而，从(5)中所述的年轻一代倾向于学习鹿儿岛市的变化这一事实来看，我们可以说宫古野町方言仍然受到鹿儿岛方言的影响。(8)除了(7)之外，研究结果表明，宫古野町方言并没有我们预期的那么大程度地受到Hyuga方言的影响。较少

The aim of this project is to have a clear view of the 'Regional Standard Variety' of Kagoshima dialect which is mainly used around the urban area of Kagoshima City. To accomplish this aim, we have conducted three surveys on old and new lexical items, grammatical features unique to Kagoshima dialect, language attitude and social attitude. The research was done in one large urban area (Kagoshima City) and two small cities (Makurazaki City and Miyakanojo City). The main discoveries from the research on the urban dialect of Kagoshima City are as follows :(1) The sentence final particles, 'kee' and 'ga', are used among the younger generation more frequently than the older generation, although they are old lexical items.(2) The other older items, 'wazze', 'naosu' and 'hawaku' are used equally all through the generations. The old and the middle-aged generations regard them as items of the standard variety, while the young generation use them without hesitation even though they know they are … More dialect forms.(3) The new items, 'nakatta deshita', 'desuyo / dayoo' and 'yasukude', are now diffusing among the younger generation.(4) The grammatical forms peculiar to the Kagoshima region, e.g. 'ga naran', 'kaseta' and 'netta', are not popular among the young generation. And it should be noted that the language of young women is remarkably standardized.Comparing these findings to the results of the surveys in Makurazaki and Miyakonojo, the following points become clear :(5) In these two places, the lexical items mentioned in (3) above are used less frequently than in Kagoshima City. However, the increase of the number of people among the young generation using these new items of dialect demonstrates the tendency of diffusion of these new forms which were born in Kagoshima City. This fact shows that the young generation tends to accept new forms quickly.(6) The grammatical features mentioned in (4) are still popular, even among young speakers.(7) Miyakonojo is less influenced by the dialect of Kagoshima City than Makurazaki. However, from the fact stated in (5) that the young generation tend to pick up the variations of Kagoshima City, we could say that the Miyakonojo dialect is still under the influence of Kagoshima dialect.(8) In addition to (7), the results of the research show us that the Miyakonojo dialect was not influenced by the Hyuga dialect as much as we had expected. Less