Development of Measuring Method of Interaction Force between Surfaces with Atomic Force Microscope

1.原子力显微镜（AFM）探针针尖形状的评价及图像的改善原子力显微镜（AFM）针尖的形状和角度对粒子等物质的成像有很大的影响。利用球形粒子进行标定，成功地估计出针尖的详细形状和曲率半径，并建立了获得改进样品图像的方法。2.胶体悬臂梁的研制建立了一种用环氧树脂将球形粒子粘贴在AFM针尖上的方法。该探针可以直接测量颗粒表面与平板之间以及两个颗粒之间的相互作用力。3.相互作用力的测量利用自行研制的悬臂梁，测量了云母板与颗粒之间以及云母板与探针针尖之间的相互作用力。<Aqueous system>实验证实了电解质溶液中相互作用力的DLVO理论。当两个表面靠近时，测量了与水化力相关的附加排斥力。吸附力与界面阳离子的水合作用和表面吸附分子的结构有关。<Non-aqueous system>为了发展非水体系中表面间相互作用力的理论，研究了醇水溶液中的相互作用力，明确了DLVO理论的适用范围。结果发现，偏离DLVO理论是由于介电常数和分子大小的解决方案。并阐明了吸附在表面的分子结构与粘附力之间的关系。<Magnetic effects>利用原子力显微镜研究了磁暴露吸附在表面上的分子的有序性，并在分子水平上证实了磁效应的存在。

1.Evaluation of Shape of Probe Tip of Atomic Force Microscope and Improvement of ImagesImages of materials, such as particles, generated by Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) are strongly influenced by the shape and angle of the tip. Using a spherical particle for the calibration, the detailed shape and radius of curvature of the tip were successfully estimated, and the method to obtain improved sample image was established.2.Development of Colloid CantileverA method to glue a sherical particle on the probe tip of AFM with epoxy resin was established. This probe enable us to measure directly the interaction forces between surfaces of a particle and a flat plate and also between two particles.3.Measurement of Interaction ForceUsing the cantilever developed in this work, the interaction forces between a mica plate and a particle and between a mica plate and a probe tip were measured.<Aqueous system> The DLVO theory for the interaction force in electrolyte solution was confirmed experimentally. The additional repulsive force related with the hydration force was measured when two surfaces were close. The adhesive force was successfully related with the hydration of adsorbed cations on the interface and the structure of molecules adsorbed on the surface.<Non-aqueous system> In order to develop a theory of interaction forces between surfaces in non-aqueous systems, the interaction forces in alcohol aqueous solutions were investigated and the region where DLVO theory was applicable was clarified. It was found that the deviation from the DLVO theory was attributable to the permittivity and molecular sizes of solutions. The correlation between the structure of molecules adsorbed on the surface and the adhesive force were also clarified.<Magnetic effects> The ordering of molecules adsorbed on a surface by the magnetic exposure was examined using AFM and the existence of the magnetic effects was confirmed on the molecular level.