Patterns of expression used in Japanese summaries and procedures for evaluating Japanese summaries written by non-native foreign students and native Japanese university students.

本研究的目的是探讨日语摘要的表达方式与评价程序之间的关系。本研究通过比较非母语外国学生和日本本土大学生的两篇《结束语》议论文的表达方式，以及日语作为外语的教师、日语作为国语的教师和日本大学生对这两篇论文的评价，分析了这两篇论文的异同及其相关因素。根据这些结果，我们确定了日语议论文摘要的写作原则，并得出了与日语议论文摘要的写作和评价有关的以下结论。基于对用来组合原文基本部分的表达模式的分析，我们发现日本本土学生所写的摘要倾向于用相同的MAI…写成与原文不同的是，部分留学生的总结与原文的结构不同，在内容和表达上存在问题。摘要中使用的表达方式与日语教师、日语教师和日本大学生的评价之间存在相关性。摘要中使用的表达方式与原文越相似，评价越高，反之，相似程度越低，评价越低。日语教师对日本大学生写作摘要的评价均值略高于日语教师对非母语外国学生写作摘要的评价。日本大学生对这两组学生写的总结的评价也有类似的趋势。摘要中使用的表达方式与JFL和日语教师给出的评估以及评估摘要所使用的类别有关。总体而言，当摘要包括(1)原始文章的结论和要点，(2)没有原始文章中未包括的内容的摘要作者的特定实例或观点，以及(3)具有组织良好的连接词、衔接和语篇结构时，摘要被评为较高的分数。我们将这些特点视为“好”摘要写作的原则和技巧。日语教师对母语为日语的学生所写的摘要的评价主要基于简洁性和表达语篇结构的能力。相比之下，JFL教师对非母语外国学生写的摘要的评价主要集中在内容和词汇、语法、字符等方面的正确性。日语教师对非日本留学生写的总结“好”的评价高于日语教师，而对“差”的评价低于日语教师，从平均数的标准误差可以看出这一点具有统计学意义。未来研究的主题包括通过增加评价者的数量来进一步调查评价的性质，以便发现更多具有统计学意义的模式。我们还计划将这项未来的研究作为评估的基础，以便找到更多统计上有意义的模式。我们还计划利用这项未来的研究作为确定更理想的评估类别的基础。较少

The goal of this research is to investigate the relation between patterns of expression and procedures for evaluation of Japanese summaries. We analyzed similarities, differences and relevant factors based on a comparison of the patterns of expression used in the summaries of two bikatugata 'main point final' argumentative essays by non-native foreign students and native Japanese university students and evaluations of these essays by teachers of Japanese as a foreign language (JFL), teachers of Japanese as the national language (Japanese) and Japanese university students. Based on these results, we determined principles for writing summaries of Japanese argumentative essays and drew the follwing conclusions related to the writing and evaluation of summaries written in Japanese.1. Based on an analysis of the patterns of expression used to combine essential parts of the original essays we showed that while summaries written by native Japanese students tended to be written in the same mai … More n point final structure as the original essays, some of the summaries written by foreign students varied from this structure and had were problems related to content and expression.2. There was a correlation between the patterns of expression used in the summaries and the evaluations made by the JFL teachers, Japanese teachers and Japanese university students. The more similar the patterns of expression used in a summary were to the original essay, the higher the evaluation and vice versa, the less similar, the lower the evaluation.3. The average of the Japanese teachers'evaluations of summaries written by Japanese university students tended to be slightly higher than the average of the JFL teachers'evaluation of summaries written by non-native foreign students. A similar tendency was observed in Japanese university students'evaluations of the summaries written by these two groups of students.4. The patterns of expressions used in the summaries related to the evaluation given and the categories used to evaluate the summaries by the JFL and Japanese teachers. In general, summaries were rated higher when they included (1) the conclusion and main points of the original essays, (2) did not have particular examples or opinions of the summary writer of content that was not included in the original essays, and (3) had well-organized connectives, cohesion, and discourse structure. We view these features as principles and techniques for "good" summary writing.5. The Japanese teachers based their evaluation of summaries written by native Japanese students primarily on conciseness and ability to express the discourse structure. In contrast, JFL teachers' evaluations of summaries written by non-native foreign students focused on correctness of content and words, grammar, characters, etc.6. The rating that JFL teachers gave for "good" summaries written by non-native foreign students was higher and the rating they gave for "bad" summaries was lower than that given by Japanese teachers and this was statistically significant as indicated by the stndard error of the mean.Topics for future study include further investigation of the nature of evaluation by increasing the number of evaluators so that more statistically significant patterns can be found. We also plan to use this future study as a basis evaluators so that more statistically significant patterns can be found. We also plan to use this future study as a basis for determining more ideal categories of evaluation. Less