Structure and function of "dan" in Japanese spoken and written discourse

本文对日语书面语篇和口语语篇中语义段“段”的功能和结构的研究，是基于对以往研究的理论研究和对所听或所读文章摘要的调查结果。(1)书面语篇和口语语篇的直接组成部分，即日语中最大的语言单位，是具有话题统一功能的“单”单位。(2)“单”原则上由表达主题表达式和谓词表达式的主题句“主题句”和由这些主题句统一起来的支撑句组成。(3)日语话语有6种类型。这些语篇类型根据主题句出现的频率和位置进行分类。(4)在日语语篇中，bikatugata（主题句出现在结尾）是最常见的。(5)我们对两组进行了调查，其中被调查者根据他们的听力或阅读一个主要观点的最终类型的议论文写摘要。结果表明，两组的摘要都倾向于反映原文的主要观点和最终结构。摘要为原文段落的结构和功能提供了证据，并且在摘要中有使用论文句和主题句元素的趋势。

The present research on the function and structure of the semantic paragraph "dan" in Japanese written and spoken discourse, is based on a theoretical investigation of previous research and results of a survey on summaries of an essay which was heard or read.(1) The immediate constituents of written discourse and spoken discourse, i.e., the largest linguistic units in Japanese, are "dan" units which have a topic unifying function.(2) "Dan" in principle are composed of 1) "tyuusinbun" (topic sentence (s) ), which express the topic of topic expressions and predicate expressions, and 2) the supporting sentences which are unified by these topic sentence (s) .(3) Tere are 6 types of Japanese discourse. These discourse types are classified according to the firequency and position of the thesis sentence (s) .(4) In Japanese discourse, bikatugata 'main point final' type (where the topic sentence occurs at the end) is the most common.(5) We conducted a survey of two groups in which the surveyees wrote summaries based on their hearing or reading of a main point final type argumentative essay. Results showed that there was a tendency for the summaries of both groups to reflect the main point final structure of the original text. The summaries provided evidence for the structure and function of the dan in the original text, and there was a tendency for elements of the thesis sentence and topic sentences to be used in the summaries.