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Comparative Research of Violense Victimization -Related to Lethal Weapons and Need for Victim Assistance

与致命武器相关的暴力受害和受害人援助需求的比较研究

基本信息

批准号：
07044030
负责人：
YMAGAMI Akira
金额：
$ 6.59万
依托单位：
Tokyo Medical and Dental University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for international Scientific Research
财政年份：
1995
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1995 至 1997
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-07044030/
关键词：
cross cultural comparison Japan USA violent crimes fear of crime aggression weapons gun control 被害化銃器規制警察官文化銃警察銃規則被害者援助

项目摘要

The research has been conducted to examine the various aspects of the violent crimes in Japan and the U.S., especially of the victimization from the use of weapons as guns (occurrence frequency, cognition, and behavior) and of using the violence and the weapons as a means of defense. The questionnaire contained hypothetical situations to examine the different responses of the Japanese and the Americans. The research was conducted on February, 1996.5000 adult citizens in Japan and the U.S.were randomly selected. The results were the following ;1) THE EXPERIENCE,COGNITION,AND THE EMOTION OF THE VIOLENT VICTIMIZATION1. In the U.S., the proportion of the reported victimization from the violent crimes was about twice as many as the proportion in Japan.2. Violent victimization that typically reported in the U.S.were serious as the robbery and the rape, though the ones typically reported in Japan mainly contained relatively slight violence and the school day experiences between the students.3 … More . The fear to become real victims were higher in the U.S.than in Japan, as the fear to crimes and the impression that atrocious crimes were increasing were higher in Japan than in the U.S.2) THE TYPICAL RESPONSE TO THE VIOLENT VICTIMIZATIONA.The Typical Response Tendency of the Americans1. Offensive response were reported only when the danger was high. In high danger, the use of guns were approved (the extreme differentiation tendency of the reactions). Offensive responses were triggered especially by the bodily touch, the property infringe, and the illegal home entry.2. There were racial and age differences in the offensive response tendency ; offensive responses were higher in white than in black, and lower in youth than seniors.B.The Typical Response Tendency of the Japanese1. Offensive responses were reported in various ways regardless of the extent of the danger (e.g., retort), but the use of wepons were strongly suppressed. There were age difference in offensive response tendency, as it was higher in youth than seniors.3) THE USE OF WEAPONS AND GUNS1. In the U.S., possession of guns was approved and many were possessing some kind of wepons in actual as a means of defense. The use of guns by officers was also approved without hesitation depending on the danger.2. In Japan, less were possessing weapons and there were strong tendency that the use of weapons were hesitated to be affirmed. even in the dangerous situation.The result is expected to contribute to deepen the mutual understanding of Japan and the U.S.by examining the differences of the cognition and the behavior and culture in both countries, and to be useful for the discussion of the gun control. Less

这项研究是为了调查日本和美国暴力犯罪的各个方面，特别是使用枪支等武器造成的伤害（发生频率、认知和行为）以及使用暴力和武器作为防御手段的情况。调查问卷包含了一些假设的情况，以检验日本人和美国人的不同反应。这项研究于1996年2月进行，随机抽取了日本和美国的5000名成年公民。结果如下：1）暴力受害者的经历、认知和情绪。在美国，报告的暴力犯罪受害者比例约为日本的两倍.美国报道的暴力受害事件与抢劫和强奸一样严重，而日本报道的暴力受害事件主要包括相对轻微的暴力和学生之间的在校经历。 ...更多信息 .美国人对成为真实的受害者的恐惧感高于日本人，因为日本人对犯罪的恐惧感和对残暴犯罪正在增加的印象高于美国人。2）对暴力受害者的典型反应ZICTIMIZATIONA.美国人的典型反应倾向1.只有在危险性很高的时候才报告攻击性反应。在高度危险的情况下，批准使用枪支（反应的极端分化趋势）。攻击性反应主要由身体接触、财产侵犯和非法入室引发。攻击性反应倾向存在种族和年龄差异，白色的攻击性反应高于黑人，青年人的攻击性反应低于老年人。无论危险程度如何，都会以各种方式报告攻击性反应（例如，反驳），但使用wepons被强烈压制。攻击性反应倾向存在年龄差异，青年人的攻击性反应倾向高于老年人。在美国，拥有枪支是被批准的，许多人实际上拥有某种武器作为防御手段。军官使用枪支也得到了毫不犹豫的批准，这取决于《宪法》。在日本，拥有武器的人越来越少，对武器的使用有强烈的犹豫倾向。研究结果将有助于加深日本与日本之间的相互理解U.S.by考察两国在认知、行为和文化上的差异，并对枪支管制的讨论有所帮助。少